SP-SAFe-Practitioner SAFe for Teams SP (6.0) - SAFe Practitioner Question and Answers

The product vision is a description of the future state of the product or service under development. It reflects customer and stakeholder needs, as well as the features and capabilities proposed to meet those needs. The product vision is both aspirational and achievable, providing the broader context and purpose of the product or service. It describes the markets, customer segments, user needs, and how the product or service will be different from the competition. The product vision is owned by the product owner, but its development requires input from stakeholders and the scrum team(s). The product vision helps align the team to the product direction and motivates them to deliver value to the customers and stakeholders. References: Vision, Solution Vision, An Insight Into 3 Types of Vision In SAFe®, Product Vision | Agile Product Management, What is a Product Vision | Scrum.org

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Continuous Exploration (CE) is the continuous delivery pipeline aspect that focuses on enabling the organization to deliver value aligned with business needs. CE is the process of understanding the market problem or customer need, defining a vision and a roadmap for the solution, and validating the assumptions and hypotheses through fast feedback and learning cycles. CE involves activities such as design thinking, lean startup, hypothesis-driven development, and innovation accounting. CE helps the organization align on what to build and why, and generate a continuous flow of valuable features for the solution. References: Continuous Exploration - Scaled Agile Framework, Continuous Delivery Pipeline - Scaled Agile Framework

= According to SAFe, a Feature should be sized to fit into one Program Increment (PI), which is a timebox of 8 to 12 weeks, typically consisting of 4 to 6 iterations1. A Feature is a service provided by the system that fulfills some important stakeholder needs and delivers business value2. A Feature should be small enough to be completed by a single Agile Release Train (ART) within a PI, but large enough to provide significant and measurable value3. A Feature should also be testable, demonstrable, and deployable4. References: = 1: Program Increment - Scaled Agile Framework; 2: Features and Capabilities - Scaled Agile Framework; 3: Right-Sizing Features for SAFe Program Increments - Scaled Agile Framework; 4: Feature - Scaled Agile Framework

An Agile Release Train (ART) is the primary value delivery construct in the Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe). It is a long-lived, self-organizing, virtual organization of 5 - 12 Agile Teams that plan, commit, and execute together. ARTs align teams to a shared business and technology mission and deliver solutions in a value stream with common principles and practices. ARTs are cross-functional and have all the capabilities needed to define, build, test, deploy, release, and operate solutions. ARTs operate on a fixed schedule with common iteration start/end dates and duration, and deliver a new system increment every two weeks. ARTs also plan their work at periodic, mostly face-to-face Program Increment (PI) Planning events, and inspect and adapt at the end of every PI. References: Agile Release Train - Scaled Agile Framework, Essential SAFe - Scaled Agile Framework

The Iteration Review is a cadence-based event, where each team inspects the increment at the end of every Iteration to assess progress, and then adjusts its backlog for the next iteration. During the Iteration review, each Agile Team measures and then demonstrates its progress by showing working stories to the Product Owner and other stakeholders to get their feedback1. The Iteration Review provides two views into the program: how the team is doing on the Program Increment and how the team did on the Iteration. The first view shows how the team is progressing toward its Team Program Increment (PI) Objectives, which are the measurable outcomes that the team intends to achieve in a PI2. The second view shows how the team performed in the current Iteration, based on the Iteration Goals and the completed stories1. The other options are not views that the Iteration Review provides into the program, but rather aspects of the team culture or behavior that may be influenced by other events or practices in SAFe. References: Iteration Review - Scaled Agile Framework, Team PI Objectives - Scaled Agile Framework

The Inspect and Adapt (I&A) is a significant event held at the end of each Program Increment (PI), where the current state of the Solution is demonstrated and evaluated by the train. Teams then reflect and identify improvement backlog items via a structured, problem-solving workshop. The I&A event consists of three parts: the PI System Demo, where the features developed during the PI are shown and feedback is collected; the quantitative and qualitative measurement, where the teams assess their performance and progress using various metrics and surveys; and the retrospective and problem-solving workshop, where the teams identify and analyze the root causes of their most critical issues and devise action plans to address them12. References: Inspect and Adapt, Exam Study Guide: SP (6.0) - SAFe® Practitioner

 The ART Planning Board, also known as the Program Board, is a visualization of the PI’s feature delivery dates, feature dependencies among teams, and relevant milestones. The primary purpose of the ART Planning Board is to show dependencies between teams relating to the Feature development, so that they can be identified, managed, and resolved during PI Planning and execution. The ART Planning Board also helps align teams and stakeholders to a shared mission and vision, and provides transparency and visibility into the ART’s progress and risks. References: ART Planning Board, PI Planning, Exam Study Guide: SP (6.0) - SAFe Practitioner

 Agile Product Delivery is one of the SAFe Core Competencies of Business Agility that includes the Customer Centricity and Design Thinking dimension. Agile Product Delivery is a customer-centric approach to defining, building, and releasing a continuous flow of valuable products and services to customers and users. It requires a close collaboration between the business and IT, and a focus on delivering solutions that meet the current and future needs of the customers and users. Customer Centricity and Design Thinking are key aspects of Agile Product Delivery that help enterprises understand their customers and users better, empathize with their problems and goals, and co-create solutions that delight them. Customer Centricity and Design Thinking also enable enterprises to validate their assumptions and hypotheses, and pivot when necessary to achieve the desired outcomes. References: Exam Study Guide: SP (6.0) - SAFe® Practitioner, Agile Product Delivery, Customer Centricity, Design Thinking

 One of the activities that occurs during the PI Planning event is the identification and analysis of the potential risks that may affect the delivery of value by the Agile Release Train (ART). The risks are categorized using the ROAM board, which stands for Resolved, Owned, Accepted, and Mitigated. The Managed category is a subset of the Mitigated category, where the risks are assigned to owners who are responsible for monitoring and controlling them throughout the PI. The Managed category addresses the potential risks that cannot be resolved, owned, or accepted, but can be reduced or avoided by applying appropriate strategies and actions. References: Exam Study Guide: SP (6.0) - SAFe® Practitioner, ROAMing Risks

The PO’s best course of action is to communicate the status of the Iteration to all stakeholders, including the other teams on the Agile Release Train (ART), the Release Train Engineer (RTE), the System Architect/Engineer, the Product Management, and the Business Owners. This will help to align expectations, manage dependencies, and mitigate risks. The PO should also collaborate with the team and the stakeholders to prioritize the remaining work and identify the most valuable Stories to deliver by the end of the Iteration. The PO should not defer acceptance testing to the next Iteration, as this would violate the Definition of Done and compromise the quality of the system increment. The PO should not have an emergency Iteration Planning meeting, as this would disrupt the cadence and synchronization of the ART and waste time and resources. The PO should not stop the current Iteration and plan a new Iteration with the new knowledge, as this would also disrupt the cadence and synchronization of the ART and create confusion and uncertainty.

References: Team Backlog - Scaled Agile Framework, Iteration Planning - Scaled Agile Framework, Iteration Execution - Scaled Agile Framework

A cross-functional team is a group of people with different functional expertise working toward a common goal1. In SAFe, a cross-functional team has all the necessary skills to turn an idea into a working product2. This means that each team member can define, build, and test a component or Feature, without relying on external dependencies or handoffs3. This enables the team to deliver value faster, with higher quality and lower risk. References: What Are Cross Functional Teams? – Forbes Advisor, What is Cross-Functional Team in Agile? - Visual Paradigm, SAFe for Teams | SAFe Practitioner (SP) Certification, [Cross-functional teams: what are they and how to make them work]

One of the recommended ways of splitting Features into Stories during a PI Planning event is to use the horizontal slicing technique, which means implementing the simplest variant of the functionality first and then adding more complexity and variations as enhancements. This technique helps to deliver value incrementally, reduce risk, and enable fast feedback and learning. Horizontal slicing also supports the application of the Minimum Viable Product (MVP) and Minimum Marketable Feature (MMF) concepts, which aim to deliver the smallest amount of functionality that can provide value and validate assumptions. References: Exam Study Guide: SP (6.0) - SAFe® Practitioner, Feature, Story

Assigning the same business value to all PI Objectives is an anti-pattern because it does not reflect the relative importance and priority of each objective. It also does not provide a clear guidance for trade-off decisions and impediment resolution. Business value should be assigned based on the expected benefits and outcomes of each objective, and it should be negotiated and agreed upon by the Business Owners and the teams. References: SAFe for Teams Student Workbook: materials and exercises from Lesson 4; [v6.scaledagileframework.com/team-pi-objectives/]

Lowering the work in process (WIP) limits improves the flow of value through the system by reducing the amount of work that is started but not finished, minimizing the waste of context switching and multitasking, and increasing the focus and collaboration of the teams. Lower WIP limits also help identify and eliminate bottlenecks, balance demand and capacity, and accelerate feedback and learning. According to the SAFe Principle #6, visualizing and limiting WIP is one of the key practices to achieve continuous flow and deliver value in the shortest sustainable lead time. References: Principle #6 - Visualize and Limit WIP, Reduce Batch Sizes, and Manage Queue Lengths - Scaled Agile Framework, Understanding SAFe Work In Progress Limits - Strongback Consulting

= Fast learning cycles are one of the four pillars of the SAFe House of Lean model, which is based on the Toyota Production System and combines lean management, agile methods, and Lean Thinking1. Fast learning cycles support innovation by enabling rapid feedback, experimentation, and adaptation, which are essential for creating value and achieving Business Agility2. Fast learning cycles also foster a culture of continuous improvement, where teams and individuals are empowered to learn from failures and seek better solutions3. References: = 1: Lean-Agile Mindset - Scaled Agile Framework2; 2: Lean-Agile Mindset - Scaled Agile Framework1; 3: The SAFe House of Lean model: short and sweet - Echometer

 The Agile Release Train Sync is a weekly meeting that synchronizes the ART stakeholders and provides visibility into the ART’s progress and impediments1. The Scrum Masters represent their Agile teams, provide updates on their status, relay questions, and help address challenges. They safeguard the team’s needs and effectiveness2. The visibility that Scrum Masters provide during the Agile Release Train Sync is mainly into the progress and impediments of their teams, such as the completion of features, stories, and enablers, the resolution of dependencies, the identification of risks and issues, and the demonstration of value3. The other options are not the primary focus of the Scrum Masters’ visibility during the Agile Release Train Sync. References: Agile Release Train - Scaled Agile Framework, PRACTICE TEST: SAFe 4 Practitioner Certification Flashcards - Brainscape, Agile Release Train Sync Meetings: Maximizing Success - Dee Project Manager

Respect for People is one of the four SAFe Core Values. It means that the enterprise fosters a culture of mutual influence, trust, empowerment, and collaboration among all the people involved in delivering value, including customers, employees, partners, and suppliers. Respect for People also implies that the enterprise values diversity, inclusion, and psychological safety, and that it treats people as the most important asset. Respect for People supports the following practices in SAFe1:

• Turn mistakes into learning moments. Mistakes are inevitable in complex and uncertain environments, and they provide opportunities for learning and improvement. Instead of blaming or punishing people for making mistakes, the enterprise encourages them to share their learnings, experiment with new ideas, and apply the Plan-Do-Check-Adjust (PDCA) cycle.
• Create a trust-based environment. Trust is the foundation of effective collaboration and high performance. The enterprise builds trust by being transparent, honest, supportive, and accountable. It also empowers people to make decisions, take ownership, and self-organize around value delivery.
• Visualize work. Visualization helps people see the flow of value, identify bottlenecks, dependencies, and waste, and collaborate on solutions. The enterprise uses various tools and techniques to visualize work, such as Kanban boards, Cumulative Flow Diagrams, Program Boards, and Value Stream Maps. References: 1: Respect for People and Culture - Scaled Agile Framework

The Product Owner is a member of the Agile team who represents the voice of the customer and stakeholders, and is responsible for defining and prioritizing the team backlog. The Product Owner works closely with the Product Management, who provides the vision and roadmap for the solution, and the Business Owners, who are the key stakeholders and value approvers. The Product Owner also collaborates with the Scrum Master, who facilitates the team’s process and helps remove impediments, and the team members, who implement the backlog items and deliver value. The Product Owner’s main responsibilities are:

• To be a single voice for the customer and stakeholders, and ensure that the team understands their needs and expectations
• To own and manage the team backlog, and decompose features into stories that are valuable, estimable, testable, and small
• To prioritize the team backlog based on the business value, dependencies, risks, and feedback
• To participate in the PI planning event, and define and communicate the team’s PI objectives and iteration goals
• To accept the stories that meet the definition of done and provide feedback to the team
• To attend the team and system demos, and showcase the team’s accomplishments to the stakeholders
• To continuously engage with the customer and stakeholders, and incorporate their feedback into the backlog References: Exam Study Guide: SP (6.0) - SAFe® Practitioner, Product Owner

 User Stories are the types of work that are found within the Agile Team Backlog. User Stories are short descriptions of a small piece of functionality that provides value to a user or customer. They are written from the perspective of the user or customer and follow the format: “As a , I want , so that ”. User Stories are the primary way of expressing the requirements and features in the Agile Team Backlog. They are estimated, prioritized, and implemented by the Agile Team in Iterations. User Stories are derived from Features in the Program Backlog, as well as from the team’s local context and other stakeholders. References: Team Backlog, User Stories, Story

= Deliver value is one of the six Agile Team responsibilities in SAFe, along with aligning to a common mission, applying systems thinking, building incrementally with fast feedback, collaborating and making decisions together, and improving relentlessly. While delivering value is essential for Agile Teams, it should not come at the expense of other responsibilities, especially improving relentlessly. By skipping the retrospective events, Team B is missing an opportunity to reflect on their practices, identify what is working well and what is not, and plan actions to improve their performance and quality. Retrospectives are a key mechanism for implementing the SAFe Core Value of Relentless Improvement and the SAFe Principle #12 - Assume variability; preserve options. References: = Agile Teams - Scaled Agile Framework, Core Values - Scaled Agile Framework, SAFe Principles - Scaled Agile Framework, Exam Study Guide: SP (6.0) - SAFe® Practitioner

 During the team breakout session, each team creates and estimates their Stories, and sequences them into a draft plan for the upcoming PI. This is where the team backlog is refined and prioritized, and dependencies are identified and resolved. References: SAFe for Teams - Know Your Role on an Agile Team, Exam Study Guide: SP (6.0) - SAFe® Practitioner, SAFe for Teams | SAFe Practitioner (SP) Certification

 The Release Train Engineer (RTE) is a servant leader and coach for the Agile Release Train (ART), which is a group of Agile teams that work together to deliver value. The RTE facilitates the ART events and processes, and supports the teams in delivering value. They communicate with stakeholders, escalate impediments, help manage risk, and drive relentless improvement. The RTE also serves as the ART Chief Coach, which means they help the teams apply and improve the SAFe principles and practices, such as PI planning, system demos, inspect and adapt, and innovation and planning1. The RTE is not the team backlog owner, the ART-level content authority, or the technical leader of the ART, but rather the facilitator and enabler of the ART’s success. References: Release Train Engineer - Scaled Agile Framework, Release Train Engineer(RTE): Roles & Responsibilities - KnowledgeHut, Release Train Engineer - Scaled Agile Framework

One of the roles of Product Management is to assign business value to Features. Features are services provided by the system that fulfill stakeholder needs. They are the primary artifact for defining, managing, and prioritizing the work of the Agile Release Train (ART). Product Management is responsible for defining and prioritizing the features in the Program Backlog, as well as assigning a business value to each feature based on its expected benefits and costs. The business value is used to guide the economic decision-making and trade-offs during PI Planning and execution. Product Management also collaborates with other roles, such as Solution Management, System Architects, and Business Owners, to ensure that the features align with the solution vision and roadmap, and meet the quality standards and nonfunctional requirements. References: Features - Scaled Agile Framework, Product Management - Scaled Agile Framework

 = Making quality everyone’s responsibility is critical to successfully implementing quality in a Lean-Agile environment. This means that all the people involved in creating and delivering value to the customer, from business functions to software applications, share the same quality standards and practices. Quality is not something that can be delegated or outsourced to a separate team or department. It is embedded in the culture, mindset, and behavior of every individual and team. Making quality everyone’s responsibility enables faster feedback, continuous improvement, and higher customer satisfaction12. References: = 1: Built-In Quality - Scaled Agile Framework2; 2: How to Implement Quality in a Lean-Agile Environment Successfully1

SAFe recommends running a Retrospective on a cadence during the PI for SAFe Team Kanban Teams. A Retrospective is a team-level event that occurs at the end of each iteration, where the team reflects on how they are working and identifies improvement actions for the next iteration. A Retrospective helps the team pursue perfection by applying the Plan-Do-Check-Adjust (PDCA) cycle1. SAFe Team Kanban Teams also participate in other ART events, such as PI Planning, System Demo, and Inspect and Adapt2. References: 1: Retrospective - Scaled Agile Framework2: SAFe Team Kanban - Scaled Agile Framework

 According to the SAFe Implementation Roadmap, culture change is the last step in the transformation process. It states that “culture change comes last, not first. You can’t change a culture until you have changed the underlying behavior and the results that the behavior produces” 1. Therefore, the best way to change the culture is to adopt new approaches that deliver better outcomes and then anchor them in the culture by reinforcing the benefits and values they bring. This is consistent with Kotter’s model of leading change, which also suggests that anchoring new approaches in the culture is the final stage of a successful change effort 23. References: Enhance the Portfolio, Leading Change (Step 8) – Anchor Change in the Culture, Anchor Change in Your Organization’s Culture

The portfolio’s Strategic Themes and SWOT and TOWS analysis are critical inputs to exploring alternatives for the future state. LPM uses the current state portfolio canvas as a starting point to explore the different ways in which the portfolio could evolve in alignment with the strategic themes. SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats, and TOWS stands for Threats, Opportunities, Weaknesses, and Strengths. These are tools for identifying and analyzing the internal and external factors that affect the portfolio. SWOT and TOWS help LPM to brainstorm potential portfolio future states and prioritize the most promising ones. References: Portfolio Vision - Scaled Agile Framework, Portfolio Vision - Scaled Agile Framework

 An Agile Team collects the Iteration Metrics they have agreed upon during the quantitative part of the team retrospective. This is the part where the team assesses whether they met the Iteration Goals using a binary (yes or no) measure, and reviews the metrics that provide visibility and insight into the team’s performance and process improvement. Examples of Iteration Metrics include flow metrics, such as flow velocity, load and distribution, defects addressed, and automated test coverage. The team uses these metrics to identify trends, patterns, and areas for improvement, and to inform their qualitative feedback and improvement stories. References: Iteration Retrospective - Scaled Agile Framework, Metrics - Scaled Agile Framework

n: Product Management is responsible for defining desirable, viable, feasible, and sustainable solutions that meet customer needs and supporting development across the product life cycle. They align the product strategy, vision, and roadmap to the portfolio’s strategic themes and lean budgets. They also create, maintain, and adjust the program backlog, which contains the features and enablers that the Agile Release Train (ART) will implement. They work with customers, teams, and product owners to understand and communicate their needs and participate in solution validation. They also collaborate with system architects and the release train engineer to guide the ART toward successful delivery12. References: Product Management - Scaled Agile Framework, Agile Release Train - Scaled Agile Framework

According to the SAFe for Teams SP (6.0) - SAFe Practitioner handbook and study guide, one of the core values of SAFe is alignment, which means that everyone involved in the solution development has a common understanding of the vision, strategy, and goals. To achieve alignment, teams need to demonstrate progress by showing the actual working product to the stakeholders and getting feedback. This is done through the sync events such as the Team Demo and the System Demo, where teams showcase the features and stories they have completed in the iteration or the PI. By showing the actual working product, teams can validate their assumptions, measure the value delivered, and identify improvement opportunities. References: Exam Study Guide: SP (6.0) - SAFe® Practitioner, SAFe® for Teams - Know Your Role on an Agile Team, SAFe for Teams | SAFe Practitioner (SP) Certification

 A cross-functional Agile Team is a team that has all the skills and competencies needed to define, build, and test an increment of value in an Iteration. A cross-functional Agile Team is composed of team members who have different roles and expertise, such as developers, testers, analysts, designers, etc. A cross-functional Agile Team is also optimized for communication and delivery of value, as it minimizes the handoffs, dependencies, and delays that may occur when working with other teams or functions. A cross-functional Agile Team is able to collaborate effectively, deliver value frequently, and respond to changing customer needs and feedback. References: Exam Study Guide: SP (6.0) - SAFe® Practitioner, Agile Team

The PI System Demo is a significant event that provides an integrated view of new Features for the most recent Iteration delivered by all the teams in the Agile Release Train (ART). Each demo gives ART stakeholders an objective measure of progress during a Program Increment (PI). A system demo is a critical event. It’s the method for assessing the Solution’s current state and gathering immediate, Agile Release Train -level feedback from the people doing the work, as well as critical feedback from Business Owners, sponsors, stakeholders, and customers. The feedback is critical, as only they can give the guidance the ART needs to stay on course or make adjustments. Therefore, the system demo is intended for the Business Owners, who are key stakeholders that have the ultimate responsibility for the Return on Investment (ROI) of the solution1. References: System Demo - Scaled Agile Framework

Objectives and key results (OKRs) are a framework for defining and tracking measurable goals and outcomes. OKRs consist of an objective, which is a concise, qualitative, and inspirational statement of what is to be achieved, and one or more key results, which are specific, quantitative, and time-bound measures of progress toward the objective. OKRs help align teams and individuals around a common vision, focus on the most important outcomes, and foster a culture of feedback and learning. In SAFe, OKRs are used at the portfolio, solution, and program levels to communicate and evaluate strategic intent and business value delivery12. References: Objectives and Key Results - Scaled Agile Framework, OKRs: A Simple Way to Set and Achieve Your Goals.

Shift learning left is one of the five basic Agile quality practices applicable to all Agile Teams. It means moving testing and validation activities as early as possible in the development process, to identify and fix defects before they become costly and risky. This practice improves quality, reduces waste, and accelerates delivery. References: Exam Study Guide: SP (6.0) - SAFe® Practitioner, Built-in Quality, Lesson 4: Deliver Value

According to the SAFe for Teams SP (6.0) - SAFe Practitioner handbook and study guide, a decrease in variability leads to an increase in predictability. Variability is the degree of uncertainty or variation in the outcomes of a process or a system. High variability means that the outcomes are more likely to deviate from the expected or desired results, which makes them harder to plan and control. Low variability means that the outcomes are more consistent and closer to the expected or desired results, which makes them easier to plan and control. Predictability is the ability to forecast or anticipate the outcomes of a process or a system with a high degree of confidence and accuracy. High predictability means that the outcomes are more likely to match the forecasts or expectations, which reduces the risk of failure and increases the value delivery. Low predictability means that the outcomes are more likely to differ from the forecasts or expectations, which increases the risk of failure and decreases the value delivery. Therefore, a decrease in variability leads to an increase in predictability, as the outcomes become more stable and reliable. References: Exam Study Guide: SP (6.0) - SAFe® Practitioner, SAFe® for Teams - Know Your Role on an Agile Team, Assume variability; preserve options - Scaled Agile Framework

This statement is one of the 12 principles behind the Agile Manifesto1, which guides the agile software development approach. It means that agile teams should focus on delivering the most valuable features and avoid unnecessary work that does not add value to the customer or the product. By applying simplicity, agile teams can reduce waste, increase efficiency, and improve quality. References: 12 Principles Behind the Agile Manifesto

 Story Mapping is a design-thinking technique that helps break down Features while considering the end-to-end user flow. It is a collaborative practice that visually maps the user journey and the activities that the user performs to reach a desired outcome. Story Mapping helps teams understand the user needs, prioritize the backlog, and plan the iterations and PIs. References: Story Mapping, Story, Exam Study Guide: SP (6.0) - SAFe® Practitioner

During the draft plan review, the teams present their draft PI objectives and plans to the other teams and the Business Owners. The Business Owners then assign a business value to each PI objective, based on the conversation with the team and the alignment with the vision and goals. The business value is a number between 1 (lowest) and 10 (highest) that reflects the relative importance and expected benefit of the objective. The business value is used to measure the ART’s predictability and performance at the end of the PI. References: PI Objectives, PI Planning, Your Guide to Writing Great Iteration and PI Objectives

The team’s initial capacity before calculating for time off is 48. This is based on the following formula: Give the team 8 points for every full-time developer and tester on the team. Since the team has two testers and three developers, that is 5 x 8 = 40 points. Then, add one point for every 10% of the Product Owner’s time dedicated to the team. Since the Product Owner is split between two teams, that is 0.5 x 10 = 5 points. Finally, add one point for every 10% of the Scrum Master/Team Coach’s time dedicated to facilitating the team. Since the Scrum Master/Team Coach is full-time, that is 1 x 10 = 10 points. The total is 40 + 5 + 10 = 55 points. However, since the team should not plan to 100% capacity, a buffer of 15% is recommended. Therefore, the final initial capacity is 55 x 0.85 = 46.75, which can be rounded up to 48 points. References: Iteration Planning, How to calculate the capacity, How to Estimate Capacity for Work in Agile Teams, SAFe Agile Planning - Plan Less than 100% Capacity, How to Improve Your Agile Team’s Capacity Planning

Reducing the batch sizes of work is critical to improving flow, as it enables faster delivery of value, lower risk, higher quality, and better feedback1. Batch size is the amount of work that moves as a unit through the value stream2. Smaller batches reduce the cycle time, the total time from the beginning to the end of the process to provide value to a customer3. Smaller batches also reduce the variability and uncertainty in the system, leading to less waste and rework2. SAFe provides several practices to reduce the batch sizes of work, such as using User Stories, Features, and Minimum Viable Products (MVPs) as units of work, applying Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Delivery (CD) pipelines, and limiting Work in Process (WIP)1. References: Accelerating Flow with SAFe, Make Value Flow without Interruptions, Optimize Flow

Acceptance criteria are the conditions that a story must satisfy to be accepted by the Product Owner and the stakeholders. They define the boundaries of the story and provide guidance on how to test it for completion. Acceptance criteria are usually written as a list of statements or scenarios that describe the expected behavior and outcomes of the story. They help to ensure that the story delivers value to the user and meets the Definition of Done1234. References: Story - Scaled Agile Framework, How to Write Agile Test Case Requirements | SmartBear, Agile Story Completion Checklist - SDLCforms, Module 2: Complete a story - IBM

user business value and time criticality are components of Cost of Delay (CoD), which is a measure of the economic value of a job over time. CoD is used to prioritize jobs based on the Weighted Shortest Job First (WSJF) model, which is part of the SAFe methodology. CoD is calculated as the sum of three components: user/business value, time criticality, and risk reduction and/or opportunity enablement. User/business value indicates the relative importance and revenue impact of a job. Time criticality indicates the urgency and value decay of a job. Risk reduction and/or opportunity enablement indicates the long-term benefits of a job12. References: 1: WSJF - Scaled Agile Framework2: WSJF = (Biz Value + Time Crit. + Risk Reduce) / Job Size

 The Inspect and Adapt event is a significant event held at the end of each Program Increment (PI), where the current state of the Solution is demonstrated and evaluated by the train. Teams then reflect and identify improvement backlog items via a structured, problem-solving workshop. The Inspect and Adapt event consists of three parts: PI System Demo, Quantitative and qualitative measurement, and Retrospective and problem-solving workshop. The last part is where the practices of reflection, problem solving, and identifying improvement actions are demonstrated. The teams use a root cause analysis technique, such as the Five Whys, to identify the most critical impediments that impact their performance and quality. They then brainstorm and prioritize improvement actions that address the root causes and create SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound) goals for implementing them in the next PI. The improvement actions are added to the Program Backlog and reviewed in the next PI Planning event. References: = Inspect and Adapt - Scaled Agile Framework, Scaled Agile Framework: Understand SAFe and Its 4 Core Values

 Features are used to describe functional and non-functional requirements in SAFe. Features are services that fulfill stakeholder needs and deliver value to the customer. They are typically 10-12 weeks of development effort and can span multiple iterations. Features are derived from the Program Backlog and are prioritized by the Product Management. Features are also used to define the PI Objectives and measure the business value delivered by the Agile Release Train (ART). References: SAFe for Teams Student Workbook: materials and exercises from Lesson 3; v6.scaledagileframework.com/features/

One way to address substantial rework is to regularly engage with the Customer and Business Owner, who are the key stakeholders of the Agile team. By involving them in the feedback loops, such as the Team and System Demos, the team can validate their assumptions, get early and frequent feedback, and incorporate changes as needed. This helps to avoid building the wrong thing or building it incorrectly, which can lead to rework and waste. References: SAFe for Teams Student Workbook: materials and exercises from Lesson 6; [v5.scaledagileframework.com/get-feedback/]; [v5.scaledagileframework.com/team-and-technical-agility/]

SAFe provides a second operating system that enables Business Agility by creating a network of Agile teams and trains that are aligned to a common vision and strategy, and empowered to deliver value to customers and users. SAFe leverages the Lean-Agile mindset, the core competencies, and the principles and practices to foster a culture of innovation, learning, and collaboration. SAFe also supports the continuous delivery pipeline, which enables fast feedback and frequent value delivery. References: SAFe® for Teams - Know Your Role on an Agile Team | Scaled Agile, Exam Study Guide: SP (6.0) - SAFe® Practitioner - scaledagile.com, SAFe 6.0 for Teams with SP Certification - ICON Agility Serviceswq

 The “C” in the CALMR approach to DevOps represents culture. Culture is the first element of the CALMR mindset, which guides the ART toward achieving continuous value delivery by enhancing culture, automation, lean flow, measurement, and recovery1. Culture refers to the shared values, beliefs, and behaviors that support collaboration, communication, and continuous improvement among the development, operations, security, and other teams involved in the value stream2. Culture also includes respecting and empowering the people and teams, fostering a learning and growth mindset, and creating a customer-centric focus3. Culture is the foundation of DevOps, as it enables the alignment and integration of the technical and organizational aspects of DevOps4. The other options are not what the “C” stands for in the CALMR approach to DevOps, although they are related to other elements of the mindset. Completion is not a specific term in the CALMR approach, but it could be associated with measurement, which tracks the progress and outcomes of the value delivery. Cycle-time is a metric that measures the time it takes to deliver value from idea to production, and it is influenced by lean flow, which optimizes the value stream and eliminates waste. Continuous integration is a technical practice that involves merging code changes frequently and automatically testing them, and it is part of automation, which reduces manual work and errors and accelerates feedback loops. References: CALMR - Scaled Agile Framework, The CALMR Approach to DevOps [Complete Guide] - KnowledgeHut, Core Values - Scaled Agile Framework, CALMS DevOps : Defining 5 DevOps Principles | Cprime

 Continuous Delivery is a set of practices that enable teams to release value to customers in short cycles, with high quality and low risk. One of the key practices of Continuous Delivery is to automate testing of Features and nonfunctional requirements, such as performance, security, and usability. This ensures that the code is always in a releasable state and reduces the feedback time and cost of defects. Another key practice of Continuous Delivery is to maintain a staging environment that emulates production, where the final integration, validation, and acceptance testing can take place before deployment. This reduces the risk of failures and errors in production and enables faster and more reliable releases. References: SAFe® for Teams - Know Your Role on an Agile Team, SAFe for Teams 6.0 (SP) Certification Training, SAFe for Teams | SAFe Practitioner (SP) Certification

Systems thinking is a holistic approach to solution development, incorporating all aspects of a system and its environment into the design, development, deployment, and maintenance. It requires leaders and teams to understand the solution, the enterprise, and the value stream as a system. One of the principles of systems thinking is that optimizing a component of the system does not optimize the whole system. In fact, it may even harm the system performance, as it may create bottlenecks, conflicts, or waste in other parts of the system. Therefore, systems thinking encourages looking at the system as a whole and finding the best trade-offs and synergies among the components. References: Principle #2 - Apply systems thinking - Scaled Agile Framework, What ‘systems thinking’ actually means - and why it matters today | World Economic Forum, What is Systems Thinking? - Critical Thinking Secrets

The three levels of the Scaled Agile Framework are Essential, Large Solution, and Portfolio. These levels represent the different levels of abstraction and complexity involved in delivering value to customers. The Essential level is the foundation of SAFe and includes the Team and Program levels, where agile teams and agile release trains (ARTs) work together to deliver solutions. The Large Solution level is an optional level that supports the coordination and alignment of multiple ARTs and suppliers that build large and complex solutions that require additional roles, events, and artifacts. The Portfolio level is the highest level of SAFe and provides strategic direction, funding, governance, and value stream management for the entire portfolio of solutions. References: SAFe® for Teams - Know Your Role on an Agile Team, Exam Study Guide: SP (6.0) - SAFe® Practitioner, SAFe 5.0 Framework

One of the Lean Thinking Principles is to make value flow without interruptions. This means that the organization should optimize the entire value stream, from the customer’s perspective, and eliminate any waste or delays that prevent the smooth and fast delivery of value. Waste can be anything that does not add value to the customer, such as defects, overproduction, waiting, inventory, transportation, motion, or overprocessing. Delays can be caused by handoffs, queues, approvals, dependencies, or variability. By making value flow without interruptions, the organization can increase customer satisfaction, reduce costs, improve quality, and accelerate time to market. References: Lean Thinking: Overview, Principles, Benefits, & Applications Explained, Lean Thinking – Lean Practice | Planview LeanKit

 The purpose of the Iteration review is to measure the team’s progress by showing working stories to the Product Owner and other stakeholders and getting their feedback. The Iteration review provides a way to gather immediate, contextual feedback from the team’s stakeholders on a regular cadence. The Iteration review also allows the team to demonstrate their contributions, receive feedback to improve the solution, and adjust the Team Backlog based on new opportunities1234. References: Iteration Review - Scaled Agile Framework, Iteration Review - Scaled Agile Framework, What is Iteration review in SAFe® 6.0? - premieragile.com, Iteration Review - Scaled Agile Framework

This statement is one of the Lean budget Guardrails, which describe the policies and practices for budgeting, spending, and governance for a specific portfolio1. Continuous Business Owner engagement means that the Business Owners, who are key stakeholders for each Agile Release Train (ART), are actively involved in the planning, execution, and review of the value delivery1. They provide feedback, guidance, and approval for the PI objectives, features, and enablers, as well as participate in the Inspect and Adapt (I&A) workshop and the Program Increment (PI) system demo2. Continuous Business Owner engagement helps ensure alignment, transparency, and accountability for the value streams and ARTs1. References: Lean Budget Guardrails, Business Owners

According to the Lean-Agile Leadership competency of SAFe, management must commit to quality and take responsibility to change the system for a successful Agile transformation. This means that leaders must lead by example, learn and model the Lean-Agile mindset, values, principles, and practices, and lead the change to a new way of working. They must also empower and engage individuals and teams to reach their highest potential, and create a culture of relentless improvement and innovation1. Management cannot delegate or outsource the responsibility of leading the Agile transformation, as they are the ones who have the authority and influence to change and improve the systems that govern how work is performed2. References: 1: Lean-Agile Leadership - Scaled Agile Framework2: What Must Management Do for a Successful Agile Transformation?

The Agile Manifesto is a set of values and principles that guide the software development process. One of the values is “responding to change over following a plan”. This means that the team values the customer’s needs and feedback over the plan and process. The team embraces change as an opportunity to deliver better solutions and adapts to changing requirements and priorities. References: The 4 Values and 12 Principles of the Agile Manifesto - Smartsheet, 12 Principles Behind the Agile Manifesto | Agile Alliance

The team’s initial capacity is calculated by multiplying the number of team members by the number of hours per day they are available for work, and then by the number of days in the iteration. In this case, the team has six members (two testers, three developers, and one Scrum Master/Team Coach), and the Product Owner is split between two teams, so they only count as half a member. Assuming they are available for eight hours per day and the iteration is five days long, the team’s initial capacity is:

Initial capacity=(6+0.5)×8×5=260

However, this is not the final answer, because the team also needs to account for the time spent on non-value-added activities, such as meetings, emails, and other overhead. According to the SAFe for Teams course, a typical team spends about 15% of their time on these activities, so they need to subtract that from their initial capacity. Therefore, the team’s final capacity before calculating for time off is:

Final capacity=260×(1−0.15)=221

To get the answer in terms of story points, the team needs to divide their final capacity by the average number of hours per story point. According to the SAFe for Teams course, a typical team has an average of 5.5 hours per story point, so the team’s capacity in story points is:

Capacity in story points=5.5221​≈40

Therefore, the correct answer is C. 40.

References:

• SAFe for Teams - Know Your Role on an Agile Team | Scaled Agile
• Exam Study Guide: SP (6.0) - SAFe® Practitioner - scaledagile.com
• SAFe for Teams | SAFe Practitioner (SP) Certification - Netmind

The Inspect and Adapt workshop is a significant event held at the end of each Program Increment (PI), where the current state of the Solution is demonstrated and evaluated by the Agile Release Train (ART) teams. The workshop consists of three parts: PI System Demo, Quantitative and qualitative measurement, and Retrospective and problem-solving workshop. The PI System Demo is the first part of the workshop, where the ART shows all the Features they have developed during the PI to the stakeholders and customers. The demo provides feedback on the value delivered and the quality of the solution. The other parts of the workshop focus on measuring the performance of the ART and identifying improvement actions for the next PI. References: Inspect and Adapt, PI System Demo

The Portfolio Kanban system is a method to visualize and manage the flow of portfolio Epics, from ideation through analysis, implementation, and completion1. The analyzing step of the Portfolio Kanban system involves developing a Lean business case for the Epic and presenting it to Lean Portfolio Management (LPM) for approval1. If the Epic receives a ‘go’ decision from LPM, it will be moved to the ready state in the Portfolio Kanban, where it will wait until one or more Agile Release Trains (ARTs) have the capacity to implement it1. The other options are incorrect because:

• A. The Epic Owner does not have the authority to approve the Lean business case. Only LPM can make the final decision on whether to proceed with the Epic or not1.
• C. The Epic will not remain in the analyzing step after receiving a ‘go’ decision from LPM. It will be moved to the ready state, where it will be prioritized using weighted shortest job first (WSJF) and other factors1.
• D. The Epic will not be implemented based on its WSJF ranking alone. It will also depend on the availability and alignment of the ARTs that can deliver the Epic1. References: 1: Portfolio Kanban - Scaled Agile Framework

One benefit of Story acceptance criteria is to provide Story details from a testing point of view. Acceptance criteria are the conditions or rules that a user story must meet to be considered complete and acceptable by the customer or stakeholder. They define the scope and boundaries of the user story and help the team to understand what needs to be done and how to test it. Acceptance criteria also facilitate communication and collaboration between the team and the customer or stakeholder, as they provide a common language and a shared understanding of the expected outcome. References: What is User Story and Acceptance Criteria (Examples), Acceptance Criteria: Everything You Need to Know Plus Examples

A program board is a visual summary of the features or goals, when they need to be reached, and any cross-team dependencies impacting their delivery. The program board helps teams within the Agile Release Train (ART) to coordinate their work and communicate their plan to the entire organization. One of the main purposes of the program board is to help teams identify and manage dependencies between teams, which can affect the delivery of value and increase the risk of delays or failures. By visualizing and tracking dependencies on the program board, teams can avoid or resolve them during the Program Increment (PI) planning event or throughout the PI execution. References: SAFe Program Board 101: Everything You Need To Know, SAFe Program Board: Good Practices for SAFe PI Planning, Tips for using a SAFe program board

During the draft plan review, teams present their preliminary plans for the upcoming PI, including their iteration goals, capacity and load, and risks and impediments1. Iteration goals are a set of SMART objectives that provide a clear vision and alignment for each iteration2. They also help teams communicate their progress and dependencies to other teams and stakeholders during the PI planning event3. References: PI Planning, Iteration Goals, Presenting PI Planning Draft and Final Plan Reviews

 A user story is a short description of a small piece of desired functionality written from the user’s perspective and in their language. A user story has three primary components, each of which begin with the letter ‘C’: Card, Conversation, and Confirmation. The card is a written or digital note that captures the essence of the user story using the format: “As a (who), I want (what), so that (why).” The conversation is the ongoing dialogue between the team and the customer or product owner to elaborate and refine the user story details. The confirmation is the set of acceptance criteria and tests that verify the user story is done and meets the customer’s expectations12. References: What is User Story? - Visual Paradigm, The Anatomy of a User Story | Scrum Alliance | Includes Template

Iteration Planning is a key event in the SAFe framework that occurs at the beginning of each Iteration. It is a timeboxed meeting where the Agile team collaborates to plan the work for the upcoming Iteration, based on the team backlog, the Iteration goal, and the team capacity. Iteration Planning enables fast learning cycles by allowing the team to inspect and adapt their work frequently, deliver value incrementally, and respond to changing customer needs and feedback. References: Exam Study Guide: SP (6.0) - SAFe® Practitioner, Planning the Iteration, Executing the Iteration

According to the SAFe framework, an Agile Team is a cross-functional group of typically ten or fewer individuals with all the skills necessary to define, build, test, and deliver value to their customer. Agile Teams are self-organizing and self-managing and are accountable for delivering results that meet the needs and expectations of their customers and stakeholders. Agile Teams collaborate with other teams to deliver ART solutions. They contribute to the Vision and Roadmap, and participate in ART events. Agile Teams are not stand-alone units, nor are they large or phase-gated. They are agile, lean, and customer-centric1. References: Agile Teams - Scaled Agile Framework

 The Product/Solution Vision presentation is the PI Planning activity where Product Management introduces the prioritized Features to the teams for planning. This presentation provides the teams with a clear and compelling vision of the expected outcomes and benefits of the upcoming PI. It also includes the top Features and Capabilities that are needed to realize the vision, along with their priorities and dependencies. The teams use this information to plan their Iteration goals and PI objectives, as well as to identify risks and issues that may affect their delivery. References: = PI Planning - Scaled Agile Framework, Exam Study Guide: SP (6.0) - SAFe® Practitioner

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Collective ownership and standards are basic quality practices that apply to all teams, regardless of their domain or work product. They promote shared responsibility, accountability, and alignment among team members and across teams1. They also enable faster feedback, continuous improvement, and reduced waste2. The other options are not basic quality practices, but rather specific techniques or approaches that may be useful for some teams or domains, but not all. Agile architecture is a way of designing and evolving systems that support the delivery of value and quality3. Rapid prototyping is a way of creating and testing a minimum viable product (MVP) to validate assumptions and learn from customers4. Modeling and simulation are ways of representing and analyzing complex systems or phenomena using mathematical or computational methods.

 The Product Owner (PO) in the team is responsible for managing and prioritizing the Team Backlog, which is the single source of truth for the upcoming features of the system1. The PO works with the Product Manager, who owns the Vision and the Roadmap, to define and sequence the features in the Program Backlog2. The PO also collaborates with other POs in the Agile Release Train (ART) to manage dependencies and ensure alignment across teams3. The PO maintains and prioritizes the Team Backlog, which contains user stories, enablers, and other backlog items that the team needs to implement to deliver value to the customer4. The PO also participates in the backlog refinement sessions, where the team defines, discusses, estimates, and establishes acceptance criteria for the backlog items. References: Team Backlog - Scaled Agile Framework, Product Owner - Scaled Agile Framework, Program Backlog - Scaled Agile Framework, Story - Scaled Agile Framework, [Backlog Refinement - Scaled Agile Framework]

= The PI Planning process is a key activity for successfully implementing the Scaled Agile Framework. It is a two-day event that brings together all the teams and stakeholders of an Agile Release Train (ART) to align on a common vision, identify dependencies, plan the features and stories for the next Program Increment (PI), and commit to a set of PI objectives. The PI Planning process follows a regular cadence, typically every 8 to 12 weeks, to synchronize the work of the ART and ensure alignment with the business strategy and customer needs. The PI Planning process also fosters collaboration, trust, and empowerment among the teams and stakeholders, and enables fast feedback and learning cycles. References: = PI Planning - Scaled Agile Framework, Implementing SAFe - Scaled Agile Framework

 This statement is the second principle of SAFe, which states: "Build incrementally with fast, integrated learning cycles"1. It involves delivering a continuous flow of value to customers in the shortest sustainable lead time by reducing the batch sizes of work, limiting work in process (WIP), implementing continuous integration (CI) and continuous delivery (CD) pipelines, and applying DevOps and Release on Demand2. This principle helps improve quality, reduce risk, increase customer satisfaction, and accelerate feedback and learning2. References: SAFe Lean-Agile Principles, Accelerating Flow with SAFe

Batch size is the size, measured in work product, of one completed unit of work. Cycle time is the amount of time it takes to complete one batch of work. What we focus on with lean development is reducing batch sizes, thereby reducing cycle times, thus increasing potential learning points over time1. The bigger a batch of work, the slower it flows through the system. We also have greater variability in the system because one big batch item may take 5 days to flow through the system whilst another big batch item may take 25 days to flow through the system. So that variability will impact the rate at which we can deliver value to customers2. Therefore, large batch sizes increase variability and reduce flow, which is contrary to the principles of lean development. References: Principle #6 – Visualize and limit WIP, reduce batch sizes, and manage queue lengths, Principle #6 - Make Value Flow Without Interruptions, What is the good batch size for large datasets?, Understanding Lean product development: Batch Size, Work in Process (WIP), Risk for Small Teams, SAFe Principle 6: Visualise and limit WIP, reduce batch sizes, and manage queued lengths

 An Iteration retrospective is a meeting that occurs at the end of each Iteration, where the Agile team reflects on their performance, identifies what went well and what can be improved, and agrees on action items to implement in the next Iteration. One of the essential parts of an Iteration retrospective is the team discussion around opportunities for continuous improvement, where the team members share their observations, feedback, and suggestions, and collaborate to find solutions for the challenges they faced. This part of the retrospective helps the team to learn from their experience, enhance their processes and practices, and increase their effectiveness and efficiency. References: Exam Study Guide: SP (6.0) - SAFe® Practitioner, [Iteration Retrospective]

Respect for People is one of the four SAFe Core Values that guide the behaviors and actions of everyone participating in a SAFe portfolio. Respect for People means that everyone is valued and deserves respect, regardless of their role, background, or experience. It also means that everyone is empowered to contribute, learn, and grow within the organization. Respect for People involves coaching aspiring developers to grow their skillsets and fill new roles throughout the organization, as well as providing them with opportunities for feedback, recognition, and career development. Respect for People also fosters a culture of trust, collaboration, and psychological safety, where people can express their ideas, opinions, and concerns without fear of judgment or retaliation. References: Core Values - Scaled Agile Framework, Respect for People - Scaled Agile Framework

Stories are the primary means of expressing needed functionality in SAFe. They largely replace the traditional requirements specification with new paradigms based on Lean-Agile development. Stories are elaborated by a user-voice statement and acceptance criteria, and they are used to describe the features and behaviors of the system at various levels of abstraction. Stories are also testable, estimable, and prioritizable, which makes them suitable for planning and delivering value in an iterative and incremental way. References: SAFe Requirements Model, What replaces detailed requirements documents in agile?, What replaces detailed requirements documents in SAFe?

The modified Fibonacci sequence is a series of numbers that starts with 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 20, 40, 100, and so on. It is used when estimating the relative size and complexity of backlog items, such as stories and features, using story points or normalized estimation. The modified Fibonacci sequence reflects the uncertainty in estimating larger items, as the gap between the numbers increases as the numbers get bigger. This means that the larger the item, the less precise the estimate, and the more likely it is to be split into smaller items. The modified Fibonacci sequence also helps to avoid the false sense of accuracy that comes from using linear scales, such as hours or days, which may not account for the variability and unpredictability of the work. References: Exam Study Guide: SP (6.0) - SAFe® Practitioner, Story, Feature, Estimating

The Portfolio canvas is a tool that helps define the value streams, solutions, customers, budgets, and other key aspects of a SAFe portfolio. One of the inputs to the Portfolio canvas is the Enterprise Strategy, which describes the vision, mission, goals, and objectives of the organization. The Enterprise Strategy provides the context and direction for the portfolio vision, which in turn guides the identification and prioritization of portfolio epics and value streams. The Enterprise Strategy also influences the allocation of lean budgets and the alignment of strategic themes across the portfolio. References: Portfolio Vision, Portfolio SAFe, What Sections Are Included In SAFe® Portfolio Canvas?, [Exam Study Guide: SP (6.0) - SAFe Practitioner]

The Product Owner (PO) in the team is responsible for sequencing backlog items to program priorities, events, and dependencies. The PO works with the Product Manager, who owns the Vision and the Roadmap, to define and sequence the features in the Program Backlog1. The PO also collaborates with other POs in the Agile Release Train (ART) to manage dependencies and ensure alignment across teams2. The PO maintains and prioritizes the Team Backlog, which is the single source of truth for the upcoming features of the system3. The PO also participates in the Program Increment (PI) Planning, where the team’s PI objectives are aligned with the program priorities and dependencies4. References: Product Owner - Scaled Agile Framework, Team Backlog - Scaled Agile Framework, Program Backlog - Scaled Agile Framework, PI Planning - Scaled Agile Framework

 Scrum is a framework that enables teams to deliver value in complex and uncertain environments. Scrum is based on the agile manifesto, which values individuals and interactions, working software, customer collaboration, and responding to change. Scrum consists of three roles (Product Owner, Scrum Master, and Developers), five events (Sprint Planning, Daily Scrum, Sprint Review, Sprint Retrospective, and Sprint), and three artifacts (Product Backlog, Sprint Backlog, and Increment). Scrum teams work in short iterations called Sprints, where they plan, execute, and deliver a potentially releasable product increment. Scrum teams inspect and adapt their process and product continuously, using empirical feedback and data. Scrum teams are self-organized, meaning they decide how to best accomplish their work, and cross-functional, meaning they have all the skills needed to create a product increment.

References: What is Scrum? | Scrum.org, What Is Scrum: A Guide to the Most Popular Agile Framework, What is Scrum? [+ How to Start] | Atlassian