HPE7-A01 Aruba Certified Campus Access Professional Exam Question and Answers

Class 3 (15.4W): 802.3af

Class 4 (30W): 802.3at

Class 6 (60W): 802.3bt

Class 8 (90W): 802.3bt

Splitting a larger OSPF area into a number of smaller areas has several advantages for network scalability and performance. Some of these advantages are:

It increases stability by limiting the impact of topology changes within an area. When a link or router fails in an area, only routers within that area need to run the SPF algorithm and update their routing tables. Routers in other areas are not affected by the change and do not need to recalculate their routes.

It reduces processing overhead by reducing the size and frequency of link-state advertisements (LSAs). LSAs are packets that contain information about the network topology and are flooded within an area. By dividing a network into smaller areas, each area has fewer LSAs to generate, store, and process, which saves CPU and memory resources on routers.

It reduces bandwidth consumption by reducing the amount of routing information exchanged between areas. Routers that connect different areas, called area border routers (ABRs), summarize the routing information from one area into a single LSA and advertise it to another area. This reduces the number of LSAs that need to be transmitted across area boundaries and saves network bandwidth.

Spectrum Monitor is an Aruba AP mode that is sending captured RF data to Aruba Central for waterfall plot. Spectrum Monitor is a mode that allows an AP to scan all channels in both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands and collect information about the RF environment, such as interference sources, noise floor, channel utilization, etc. The AP then sends this data to Aruba Central, which is a cloud-based network management platform that can display the data in various formats, including waterfall plot. Waterfall plot is a graphical representation of the RF spectrum over time, showing the frequency, amplitude, and duration of RF signals. The other options are incorrect because they are either not AP modes or not sending RF data to Aruba Central. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/ArubaOS_86_Web_Help/Content/arubaos-solutions/1-overview/spectrum_monitor.htm https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/ArubaOS_86_Web_Help/Content/arubaos-solutions/1-overview/waterfall_plot.htm https://www.arubanetworks.com/products/network-management-operations/aruba-central/

To allow a new VLAN 100 between VSX pair inter-switch-link 256 for port 1/45 and 2/45, you need to use the command vlan trunk allowed 100 in LAG256. This will add VLAN 100 to the list of allowed VLANs on the trunk port LAG256, which is part of the inter-switch-link between VSX peers. The other options are incorrect because they either do not use the correct command or do not specify the correct port or VLAN. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.04/HTML/5200-6728/bk01-ch07.html https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.04/HTML/5200-6728/bk01-ch02.html

To create a new OSPF configuration for a separate routing table, you need to create a new OSPF process ID with vrf name. This will create a new OSPF instance that is associated with the specified VRF and its routing table. The other options are incorrect because they either do not create a new OSPF instance or do not associate it with a VRF. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.04/HTML/5200-6728/bk01-ch02.html https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.04/HTML/5200-6728/bk01-ch03.html

802.11mc is a standard that uses Round Trip Time (RTT) and Fine Time Measurements (FTM) to calculate the distance a client is from an AP. 802.11mc defines a protocol for exchanging FTM frames between an AP and a client, which contain timestamps that indicate when the frames were transmitted and received. By measuring the RTT of these frames, the AP or the client can estimate their distance based on the speed of light. The other options are incorrect because they either do not use RTT or FTM or do not exist as standards. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/wp/WP_WiFi6.pdf https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/ds/DS_AP510Series.pdf

According to the Aruba Documentation Portal1, the Aruba 6300 CX switches support various features to control the PoE devices on specific ports, such as device profiles and classifier policies. These features can help reduce the power consumption and improve the performance of the PoE devices.

1: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.10/HTML/monitoring_6300-6400/Content/Chp_LEDs/fro-pan-led-630.htm  2: https://www.arubanetworks.com/products/switches/6300-series/  3: https://docs.samsungknox.com/admin/knox-manage/configure/profile/configure-profile-policies/configure-profile-policies-by-device-platform/

Aruba CX 6300 switches support various features to control the port access for different types of devices, such as client mode, device mode, and multidomain mode. These features can help limit the number of clients that can connect to a port and prevent unauthorized devices from accessing the network.

This is because option C shows how to configure the client limit and the auth-mode for a specific port using the interface command and the aaa authentication port-access command. The client limit specifies the maximum number of clients that can connect to a port. The auth-mode specifies the authentication mode for the port. In this case, option C sets both parameters to multi-domain mode, which allows only one voice device and one data device to be authenticated on a port

https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.10/HTML/monitoring_6300-6400/Content/Chp_LEDs/fro-pan-led-630.htm  2: https://www.arubanetworks.com/products/switches/6300-series/  3: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.11/HTML/security_6200-6300-6400/Content/Chp_Port_acc/Port_acc_gen_cmds/aaa-aut-por-acc-aut-mod-fl-109.htm

Multi-Domain Authentication is the feature that should be enabled to support the requirement that the switch must be able to authenticate a single computer connected through a VoIP phone. Multi-Domain Authentication is a feature that allows an Aruba CX switch to apply different authentication methods and policies to different devices connected to the same port. For example, a VoIP phone and a computer can be connected to the same port using a single cable, but they can be authenticated separately using different credentials and assigned to different VLANs. The other options are incorrect because they either do not support multiple devices on the same port or do not provide authentication. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.05/HTML/5200-7540/GUID-7D9E9F6E-5C2A-4F7E-BE6D-A2C3A6C7B9F9.html https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/tg/TB_ArubaCX_Switching.pdf

The correct answers are C and D.

MPSK (Multi Pre-Shared Key) is a feature that allows multiple PSKs to be used on a single SSID, providing device-specific or group-specific passphrases for enhanced security and deployment flexibility for headless IoT devices1. MPSK requires MAC authentication against a ClearPass Policy Manager server, which returns the encrypted passphrase for the device in a RADIUS VSA2. ClearPass Policy Manager is a platform that provides role- and device-based network access control for any user across any wired, wireless and VPN infrastructure3. ClearPass Policy Manager can also use device profiling and posture assessment to assign roles based on device fingerprint information4.

MPSK Local is a variant of MPSK that allows the user to configure up to 24 PSKs per SSID locally on the device, without requiring ClearPass Policy Manager5. MPSK Local can be combined with EAP-TLS (Extensible Authentication Protocol-Transport Layer Security), which is a secure authentication method that uses certificates to encrypt the wireless traffic between the IoT devices and the access points6. EAP-TLS can also use device certificates to perform role-based access control6.

Therefore, both ClearPass Policy Manager and MPSK Local with EAP-TLS can meet the customer’s requirements for wireless authentication, encryption, unique passphrase, and role-based access for their IoT devices.

MPSK and an internal RADIUS server is not a valid solution, because MPSK does not support internal RADIUS servers and requires ClearPass Policy Manager789. MPSK Local with MAC Authentication is not a valid solution, because MAC Authentication does not encrypt the wireless traffic or use fingerprint information for role-based access2. Local User Derivation Rules are not a valid solution, because they do not provide unique passphrase per device or use fingerprint information for role-based access101112.

The best option to enhance security for the new IP cameras and scanners in this environment is C. MPSK provides for each device in the WLAN to have its own unique pre-shared key.

MPSK stands for Multi Pre-Shared Key, and it is a feature that allows different devices to connect to the same SSID with different pre-shared keys. This improves the security and scalability of the network, as each device can have its own key and role without requiring 802.1X authentication or an external policy engine. MPSK can be configured either locally on the AP or centrally on Aruba Central12.

The other options are incorrect because:

A. MPSK Local is a feature that allows the user to configure 24 PSKs per SSID locally on the device. These local PSKs would serve as an extension of the base MPSK functionality. However, MPSK Local is not suitable for this scenario, as it can only support up to 24 devices per SSID, while the client has 250 devices1.

B. Aruba ClearPass is a network access control solution that can perform 802.1X authentication and install certificates for devices. However, this option is not feasible for this scenario, as the new IP cameras and scanners do not support 802.1X authentication3.

D. MPSK Local will not allow the cameras to share a key and the scanners to share a different key. MPSK Local will assign a different key to each device, regardless of their type. Moreover, MPSK Local can only support up to 24 devices per SSID, while the client has 250 devices1.

OCSP is a protocol that allows clients to query the CA or a trusted responder for the status of a specific certificate. OCSP requests and responses are smaller and faster than CRLs, and they can provide real-time information about the revocation status of a certificate12. CRLs are lists of all revoked certificates that are downloaded from the CA. CRLs can present issues, as they can become outdated and have to be downloaded frequently13. Therefore, OCSP reduces latency between the time a certificate is revoked and validation reflects this status. References: 1 https://sectigostore.com/blog/ocsp-vs-crl-whats-the-difference/  2 https://www.keyfactor.com/blog/what-is-a-certificate-revocation-list-crl-vs-ocsp/  3 https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/ocsp

MPSK Local is a feature that can be used to set up 15 headless IoT devices that do not support 802.1X authentication. MPSK Local allows the switch to automatically generate and assign unique pre-shared keys for devices based on their MAC addresses, without requiring any configuration on the devices or an external authentication server. The other options are incorrect because they either require 802.1X authentication, which is not supported by the IoT devices, or WPA3 encryption, which is not supported by Aruba CX switches. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.04/HTML/5200-6728/bk01-ch05.html https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.04/HTML/5200-6728/bk01-ch06.html

The reason is that the linkup delay timer is a feature that delays bringing downstream VSX links up, following a VSX device reboot or an ISL flap. The linkup delay timer has two phases: initial synchronization phase and link-up delay phase.

The initial synchronization phase is the download phase where the rebooted node learns all the LACP+MAC+ARP+STP database entries from its VSX peer through ISLP. The initial synchronization timer, which is not configurable, is the required time to download the database information from the peer.

The link-up delay phase is the duration for installing the downloaded entries to the ASIC, establishing router adjacencies with core nodes and learning upstream routes. The link-up delay timer default value is 180 seconds. Depending on the network size, ARP/routing tables size, you might be required to set the timer to a higher value (maximum 600 seconds).

When both VSX devices reboot, the link-up delay timer is not used.

Therefore, by configuring the linkup delay timer to include LAGs 101 and 102, which are part of the same VSX device as LAG 201, you can ensure that both devices have enough time to synchronize their databases and form routing adjacencies before bringing down their downstream links.

EVPN-VXLAN is a technology that allows layer-2 communication across layer-3 networks by using Ethernet VPN (EVPN) as a control plane and Virtual Extensible LAN (VXLAN) as a data plane3. EVPN-VXLAN can be used to support legacy applications that communicate at layer-2 across different campuses or data centers that are connected via layer-3. EVPN-VXLAN minimizes flooding by using BGP to distribute MAC addresses and IP addresses of hosts across different VXLAN segments3. EVPN-VXLAN also provides benefits such as loop prevention, load balancing, mobility, and scalability3. References: 3 https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/tg/TG_EVPN_VXLAN.pdf

The correct answers are A and D.

According to the web search results, VSX LAG is a feature that allows multiple PSKs to be used on a single SSID, providing device-specific or group-specific passphrases for enhanced security and deployment flexibility for headless IoT devices1. VSX LAGs span both aggregation switches and appear as one device to partner downstream or upstream devices or both when forming a LAG with the VSX pair2.

One of the statements that is true about VSX LAG is that the total number of configured links may not exceed 8 for the pair or 4 per switch1. This means that a VSX LAG across a downstream switch can have at most a total of eight member links, and a switch can have a maximum of four member links. When creating a VSX LAG, it is recommended to select an equal number of member links in each segment for load balancing1.

Another statement that is true about VSX LAG is that outgoing traffic is preferentially switched to local members of the LAG2. This means that when active forwarding and active gateway are enabled, north-south and south-north traffic bypasses the ISL link and uses the local ports on the switch. This optimizes the traffic path and reduces the load on the ISL link2.

The other statements are false or not relevant for VSX LAG. Outgoing traffic is not switched to a port based on a hashing algorithm, which may be either switch in the pair. This is a characteristic of MLAG (Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation), which is a different feature from VSX LAG. LAG traffic is not passed over VSX ISL links only while upgrading firmware on the switch pair. This is a scenario that may occur when performing hitless upgrades, which is a feature that allows software updates without impacting network availability. The number of VSX lags that can be configured on all 83xx and 84xx model switches is not 255, but depends on the switch model and firmware version. For example, the AOS-CX 10.04 supports up to 64 VSX lags for 8320 switches and up to 128 VSX lags for 8325 and 8400 switches.

The capability that enables plug-and-play provisioning of access points in an HPE Aruba network is the UCC Service. The UCC Service is a cloud-based service that allows the access points to automatically discover and connect to the Aruba Central management platform without any manual intervention. The UCC Service also provides zero-touch configuration, firmware updates, and monitoring for the access points1.

The other options are incorrect because:

B. LLDP-MED: LLDP-MED is a protocol that enhances the interoperability between network devices and IP phones. It does not enable plug-and-play provisioning of access points2.

C. SRTP: SRTP is a protocol that provides encryption and authentication for voice and video traffic. It does not enable plug-and-play provisioning of access points3.

D. CSMA: CSMA is a protocol that regulates how devices share a common medium, such as a wireless channel. It does not enable plug-and-play provisioning of access points.

The reason is that PBR allows you to route packets based on policies that match certain criteria, such as source or destination IP addresses, ports, protocols, etc. PBR can also be used to set metrics, next-hop addresses, or tag traffic for different routes.

The command loop-protect enables loop protection on each layer 2 interface (port, LAG, or VLAN) for which loop protection is needed. Loop protection can find loops in untagged layer 2 links, as well as on tagged VLANs.

MPSK Local is a feature that can reduce the IT administration overhead associated with deploying devices that do not support 802.1X authentication while maintaining a secure environment. MPSK Local allows the switch to automatically generate and assign unique pre-shared keys for devices based on their MAC addresses, without requiring any configuration on the devices or an external authentication server. The other options are incorrect because they either require manual intervention by the installers or the MPSK gateway, or they do not provide unique pre-shared keys for devices. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX_10_08/UG/bk01-ch05.html https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX_10_08/UG/bk01-ch06.html

https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/Instant_85_WebHelp/Content/instant-ug/wlan-ssid-conf/conf-fast-roam.htm

These are two correct statements regarding OSPFv2 route redistribution for Aruba OS CX switches. Route redistribution is a process that allows routes from one routing protocol or source to be injected into another routing protocol or destination. OSPFv2 is a link-state routing protocol that supports route redistribution from various sources, such as connected, static, BGP, etc. The “redistribute connected” command will redistribute all connected routes for the switch, including local loopback addresses, into OSPFv2. The “redistribute static route-map connected-routes” command will redistribute all static routes that have a matching permit statement in the route map named “connected-routes” into OSPFv2. The other statements are incorrect because they either do not reflect the correct behavior of route redistribution commands or do not exist as valid commands. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.04/HTML/5200-6728/bk01-ch02.html https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.04/HTML/5200-6728/bk01-ch03.html

This is the best practice for handling voice traffic with dynamic segmentation on AOS-CX switches. Dynamic segmentation is a feature that allows AOS-CX switches to tunnel user traffic to a controller or another switch based on user roles and policies. For voice traffic, it is recommended to use switch authentication and local forwarding, which means the voice devices are authenticated by the switch and their traffic is forwarded locally without tunneling. This reduces latency and jitter for voice traffic and improves voice quality. The other options are incorrect because they either use central authentication or tunneling, which are not optimal for voice traffic. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.04/HTML/5200-6728/bk01-ch05.html https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/ds/DS_AOS-CX.pdf

The Aruba CX 6400 switch is a modular switch that supports high-performance and high-density Ethernet switching for campus and data center networks. One of the features that distinguishes the Aruba CX 6400 switch from most typical campus switches is virtual output queueing (VOQ). VOQ is a technique that implements large ingress packet buffers on each port to prevent head-of-line blocking and packet loss due to congestion2. VOQ allows each port to have multiple queues for different output ports and prioritize packets based on their destination and QoS class2. VOQ enables the Aruba CX 6400 switch to achieve high throughput and low latency for various traffic types and scenarios. References: 2 https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/ds/DS_CX6400Series.pdf

Wi-Fi 6 is an industry certification for products that support the new wireless standard 802.11ax, also known as “high-efficiency wireless”. Wi-Fi 6 offers increased capacities, improved resource utilization and higher throughput speeds than previous standards.

Option B: ClientMatch

This is because option B shows how to use ClientMatch to optimize the wireless performance of Wi-Fi 6 clients on a UniFi network. ClientMatch is a feature that uses machine learning to analyze the traffic patterns of each client and assign them to the best available AP based on their location, device type, and network conditions2.

Therefore, option B is the best technology to implement for your customer’s issue.

1: https://help.ui.com/hc/en-us/articles/221029967-UniFi-Network-Optimizing-Wireless-Connectivity  2: https://help.ui.com/hc/en-us/articles/360012947634-UniFi-Network-Optimizing-Wireless-Speeds

The correct answer is B. An event log message is created.

The do-not-disable parameter is used to prevent the switch from disabling the port when a loop is detected by the loop-protect feature. Instead, the switch will generate an event log message that indicates the port number and the VLAN ID where the loop was detected. The switch will also send a trap to the SNMP manager, if configured1.

The other options are incorrect because:

A. Port status will not be validated once status is cleared. The port will remain enabled even if a loop is detected, unless the loop-protect action is changed to tx-disable or tx-rx-disable1.

C. The network analytics engine will not be triggered by a loop detection. The network analytics engine is a feature that allows users to monitor and troubleshoot network issues using scripts and agents2.

D. Port status LED will not blink in amber with 100Hz. The port status LED will indicate the normal port status, such as link speed and activity, regardless of the loop detection3.

https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/central/2.5.8/content/aos10x/aos10x-overview/aos10-kms-workflow.htm

An inbound ACL is applied to traffic entering a port or VLAN. An outbound ACL is applied to traffic leaving a port or VLAN4. To deny ping sourcing from the user VLAN to the IT management VLAN, an inbound ACL on the user VLAN should be used to filter icmp echo traffic toward the IT management VLAN. Icmp echo-reply traffic is not needed to be allowed because it is already permitted by default5. References: 4 https://techhub.hpe.com/eginfolib/Aruba/OS-CX_10.04/5200-6692/GUID-9B8F6E8F-9C7A-4F0D-AE7B-9D8E6C5B6A7F.html  5 https://techhub. hpe.com/eginfolib/Aruba/OS-CX_10.04/5200-6692/GUID-0C3A9D0F-6E5B-4E1A-AF3C-8D8B2F9C1A7B.html

 The system-mac command is used to configure a fixed MAC address for the VSX system. This MAC address is used as the source MAC address for all routed traffic from the VSX node. The system-mac command is highly recommended for preventing traffic disruptions when the primary VSX switch restores after the secondary VSX switch, such as during a primary switch hardware replacement or a power outage2. During the initial VSX configuration, the system-mac is assigned with a fixed MAC based on VSX ID. The system-mac command can be used to change this default MAC address if needed2. Therefore, answer D is correct.

To configure an IP address for an interface in default state for interface 1/1/1 on Aruba CX 6300 switch, you need to disable switching on the interface first with the command no switching. Then you can assign an IP address with the command ip address. The other options are incorrect because they either do not disable switching or use invalid keywords such as switching or routing. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX_10_08/UG/bk01-ch01.html https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX_10_08/UG/bk01-ch02.html

BSS coloring is a mechanism that helps identify the BSS Basic Service Set. A BSS is a set of interconnected stations that can communicate with each other. BSS can be an independent BSS or infrastructure BSS. An independent BSS is an ad hoc network that does not include APs, whereas the infrastructure BSS consists of an AP and all its associated clients. on the same channel and differentiate them from other BSS on the same channel12. Each BSS is assigned a color code, which is a 6-bit value that is carried in the PHY header of the Wi-Fi frames12. By using BSS coloring, the APs and clients can reduce the threshold for interference detection and avoid unnecessary backoff or retransmissions when they detect frames from other BSS with different colors12. This can improve the spectral efficiency and throughput of the network12. The other options are incorrect because they do not describe the primary benefit of BSS coloring.

The show arp command displays the ARP table for a specific VRF or all VRFs on the switch. The ARP table contains the IP address to MAC address mappings for hosts that are directly connected to the switch or reachable through a gateway. If the client device is connected to another switch by VSX LAG, the ARP entry for the client device will not be present on the primary switch unless it has communicated with it recently. Therefore, to find the IP address of the client device, the administrator should run the show arp command on the secondary switch in the VSX pair, specifying the VRF name that contains the client device’s subnet. References: https://techhub.hpe.com/eginfolib/Aruba/OS-CX_10.04/5200-6692/GUID-9B8F6E8F-9C7A-4F0D-AE7B-9D8E6C5B6A7F.html

The standard that is supported by some Aruba APs and can enable a customer to accurately locate wireless client devices within a few meters is A. 802.11mc.

802.11mc is an IEEE standard that enables computing devices to measure the distance to nearby Wi-Fi access points using a technique called Fine Timing Measurement (FTM). FTM uses precise timestamps to calculate the round-trip time of Wi-Fi frames between the device and the access point, and then converts it to a distance estimate. By using multiple access points and triangulation methods, the device can determine its location with high accuracy1.

According to the Aruba document 802.11mc Support, this feature is supported on 500 Series, 510 Series, 530 Series, 550 Series, 560 Series and 570 Series access points. These APs act as FTM responders to time measurement queries sent from a client. To configure the AP to send FTM responses, you need to enable the ftm-responder-enable parameter in the WLAN SSID profile1.

Aruba 9004 gateway supports ZTP on port G0/0/0 by default1. If the gateway is connected to a different port, such as G0/0/V1, it will not be able to communicate with Aruba Activate and Aruba Central, which are required for ZTP2. Moreover, port G0/0/V1 is configured as a DHCP server by default, which can cause IP address conflicts with the existing network3. Therefore, the technician should move the cable on the gateway to port G0/0/0, which will allow the gateway to obtain an IP address from the network DHCP server and start the ZTP process. The other options are not correct because they will not solve the issue or enable ZTP. For example, option D will not work because factory defaulting and rebooting the gateway will not change the port configuration or behavior3.

The correct answer is C. Create a new SVI and use attach command.

To create a new SVI for a separate routing table, you need to use the attach command to associate the SVI with a VRF (Virtual Routing and Forwarding) instance. A VRF is a logical entity that allows multiple routing tables to coexist on the same switch. Each VRF has its own set of interfaces, routing protocols, and routes that are isolated from other VRFs.

According to the AOS-CX Virtual Switching Framework (VSF) Guide1, one of the steps to configure VRF-aware VSF is:

Configure the VRFs on each member switch and assign the SVIs to the respective VRFs using the attach command. For example:

switch(config)# vrf red

switch(config-vrf)# exit

switch(config)# interface vlan 10

switch(config-if-vlan)# ip address 10.1.1.1/24

switch(config-if-vlan)# attach vrf red

The above commands create a VRF named red and assign VLAN 10 SVI to it. The SVI has an IP address of 10.1.1.1/24.

The other options are incorrect because:

A. You cannot attach a VRF to a VLAN directly. You need to create an SVI for the VLAN and then attach the VRF to the SVI.

B. You cannot create a new routing table manually. You need to create a VRF and then use routing protocols or static routes to populate the routing table for the VRF.

D. You cannot attach a routing table to a VLAN directly. You need to create an SVI for the VLAN and then attach a VRF that has a routing table associated with it.