H13-311_V3.5 HCIA-AI V3.5 Exam Question and Answers

Contrary to the statement, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) can indeed be used to process text data. While CNNs are most famously used for image processing, they can also be adapted for natural language processing (NLP) tasks. In text data, CNNs can operate on word embeddings or character-level data to capture local patterns (e.g., sequences of words or characters). CNNs are used in applications such as text classification, sentiment analysis, and language modeling.

The key to CNN's application in text processing is that the convolutional layers can detect patterns in sequences, much like they detect spatial features in images. This versatility is covered in Huawei's HCIA AI platform when discussing CNN's applications beyond image data.

HCIA AI References:

Deep Learning Overview: Explores the usage of CNNs in different domains, including their application in NLP tasks.

Cutting-edge AI Applications: Discusses the use of CNNs in non-traditional tasks, including text and sequential data processing.

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are widely used in several creative and image generation tasks, including:

A. Photo repair: GANs can be used to restore missing or damaged parts of images.

B. Generating face images: GANs are known for their ability to generate realistic face images.

C. Generating a 3D model from a 2D image: GANs can be used in applications where 2D images are converted into 3D models.

D. Generating images from text: GANs can also generate images based on text descriptions, as seen in tasks like text-to-image synthesis.

All of the provided options are valid use cases of GANs.

HCIA AI References:

Deep Learning Overview: Discusses the architecture and use cases of GANs, including applications in image generation and creative content.

AI Development Framework: Covers the role of GANs in various generative tasks across industries.

OpenCV is a library used primarily for computer vision tasks like image and video processing. It is not considered an AI computing framework in the same way as PyTorch, MindSpore, or TensorFlow, which are commonly used frameworks for developing AI and machine learning models. AI frameworks like PyTorch, TensorFlow, and Huawei’s MindSpore are designed to facilitate the development and deployment of deep learning models.

In MindSpore, nn.Cell is the basic unit of a neural network. It represents layers, models, and other neural network components, encapsulating the forward logic of the network. It allows users to define, organize, and manage neural network layers in MindSpore, making it a core building block in neural network construction.

Both Sigmoid and Tanh activation functions can cause the vanishing gradient problem. This issue occurs because these functions squash their inputs into a very small range, leading to very small gradients during backpropagation, which slows down learning. In deep neural networks, this can prevent the weights from updating effectively, causing the training process to stall.

Sigmoid: Outputs values between 0 and 1. For large positive or negative inputs, the gradient becomes very small.

Tanh: Outputs values between -1 and 1. While it has a broader range than Sigmoid, it still suffers from vanishing gradients for larger input values.

ReLU, on the other hand, does not suffer from the vanishing gradient problem since it outputs the input directly if positive, allowing gradients to pass through. However, Softplus is also less prone to this problem compared to Sigmoid and Tanh.

HCIA AI References:

Deep Learning Overview: Explains the vanishing gradient problem in deep networks, especially when using Sigmoid and Tanh activation functions.

AI Development Framework: Covers the use of ReLU to address the vanishing gradient issue and its prevalence in modern neural networks.

The concept of "artificial intelligence" was first formally introduced in 1956 during the Dartmouth Conference, organized by John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester, and Claude Shannon. This event is widely regarded as the birth of AI as a field of study. The conference aimed to explore the idea that human intelligence could be simulated by machines, laying the groundwork for subsequent AI research and development.

This date is significant in the history of AI because it marked the beginning of a concentrated effort to develop machines that could mimic cognitive functions such as learning, reasoning, and problem-solving.

In MindSpore, callbacks can be used in various scenarios such as:

Early stopping: To stop training when the performance plateaus or certain criteria are met.

Saving model parameters: To save checkpoints during or after training using the ModelCheckpoint callback.

Monitoring loss values: To keep track of loss values during training using LossMonitor, allowing interventions if necessary.

Adjusting the activation function is not a typical use case for callbacks, as activation functions are usually set during model definition.

Google introduced the concept of the knowledge graph in 2012, and it played a significant role in improving the search engine's ability to understand the relationships between different entities (e.g., people, places, things). This allowed Google to provide richer, more relevant search results by moving from keyword-based search to a more semantic understanding of the user's query. The knowledge graph helps organize information in a more structured way, making it easier for users to find relevant answers quickly and enhancing the overall search experience.

HCIA AI References:

AI Overview: Discusses the impact of knowledge graphs on search engines and their importance in improving AI-driven user experiences.

Cutting-edge AI Applications: Provides insights into how knowledge graphs are applied in AI systems for improving information retrieval.

In standard Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), the Tanh activation function is commonly used in the hidden layers. The Tanh function squashes input values to a range between -1 and 1, allowing the network to learn complex patterns over time by transforming the input data into non-linear patterns.

While other activation functions like Sigmoid can be used, Tanh is preferred in many RNNs for its wider range. ReLU is generally used in feed-forward networks, and Softmax is often applied in the output layer for classification problems.

HCIA AI References:

Deep Learning Overview: Describes the architecture of RNNs, highlighting the use of Tanh as the standard activation function.

AI Development Framework: Discusses the various activation functions used across different neural network architectures.

HarmonyOS provides AI capabilities not only through HMS Core (Huawei Mobile Services Core), but also through other system-level integrations and AI frameworks. While HMS Core is one way to offer AI functionalities, HarmonyOS also has native support for AI processing that can be accessed by external systems or applications beyond HMS Core.

Thus, the statement is false as AI capabilities are not limited solely to HMS Core in HarmonyOS.

HCIA AI References:

Introduction to Huawei AI Platforms: Covers HarmonyOS and the various ways it integrates AI capabilities into external systems.

In machine learning, historical data is crucial for model training and prediction. The model learns from this data, identifying patterns and relationships between features and target variables. While the training algorithm is necessary for defining how the model learns, the input required for the model is historical data, as it serves as the foundation for training the model to make future predictions.

Neural networks and training algorithms are parts of the model development process, but they are not the actual input for model training.

The order of a tensor refers to its rank, which is the number of dimensions it has. For the tensor [[0,1],[2,3]], the rank is 2 because it is a 2x2 matrix, meaning it has 2 dimensions.

CANN (Compute Architecture for Neural Networks) is part of Huawei's full-stack AI solution, which includes Ascend (hardware), MindSpore (AI framework), and ModelArts (AI development platform). CANN optimizes the computing efficiency of AI models and provides basic software components for the Ascend AI processors. This architecture supports deep learning and machine learning tasks by enhancing computational performance and providing better neural network training efficiency.

Together, Ascend, MindSpore, and CANN form a critical infrastructure that underpins Huawei’s AI development ecosystem, allowing seamless integration from hardware to software.

In machine learning:

The testing set is a dataset used after training to evaluate the model’s performance and generalization ability. Each sample in this set is called a test sample.

A dataset generally has multiple dimensions, with each dimension representing a feature or attribute of the data.

A typical machine learning process divides the data into a training set (to train the model), a validation set (to tune hyperparameters and avoid overfitting), and a test set (to evaluate the model’s final performance).

The statement that the validation set and test set are the same is false because they serve different purposes: validation is for hyperparameter tuning, while testing is for final model evaluation.

Huawei Cloud EI (Enterprise Intelligence) provides a variety of AI services and platforms, including knowledge graph, OCR (Optical Character Recognition), machine translation, and the Celia virtual assistant development platform. These services enable businesses to integrate AI capabilities such as language processing, image recognition, and virtual assistant development into their systems.