CESP Certified Employment Support Professional (CESP) Question and Answers

According to the CESP handbook, one of the roles of the employment support professional (ESP) is to collaborate with other service providers, such as residential staff, to ensure the individual’s employment success1. This includes coordinating and communicating with the residential staff about the individual’s employment goals, needs, and preferences1. However, the ESP should respect the boundaries and roles of the residential staff and avoid imposing unreasonable expectations on them1. Therefore, the only reasonable expectation to ask from the residential staff in support of the individual’s employment is to support the individual in maintaining a clean work uniform, as this is a basic hygiene and appearance requirement that can affect the individual’s performance and acceptance at work1. The other options are not reasonable because they are either beyond the scope of the residential staff’s responsibility or interfere with the ESP’s role. For example, ensuring the individual is making friends at work is not a direct support service that the residential staff can provide, and it may also infringe on the individual’s privacy and autonomy1. Calling the employer to discuss issues the employee is having at work is not appropriate for the residential staff, as this may confuse the employer and undermine the ESP’s relationship with the employer and the individual1. Reviewing skills learned at work and practicing tasks that might be difficult to perform is the primary responsibility of the ESP, who has the expertise and training to provide effective job coaching and skill development1. The residential staff should not interfere with the ESP’s instruction or assessment of the individual’s work skills1. References: 1: Certified Employment Support ProfessionalTM [EMPLOYMENT SUPPORT PROFESSIONAL CERTIFICATION COUNCIL] Certified Employment Support ProfessionalTM 2018 \nCertification Handbook \nLast Updated 11/2/18 \nEmployment Support Professional Certification Council Kari Tietjen, CESPTM Director kari@apse.org June 20, 2018 The Certified Employment Support Professional (CESP) Credential The Certified Employment Support Professional (CESP) credential recognizes individuals who have demonstrated a sufficient level of of knowledge and skill to provide integrated employment support services to a variety of client populations. The CESP credential is intended to help employers, employees and potential employees by increasing the visibility of – and access to – competent individuals in the profession. Individuals who earn the CESP credential have demonstrated knowledge of the facilitation and advocacy skills necessary to help establish and expand equitable employment opportunities for individuals with disabilities. CESPs also raise awareness of benefits within the business community, and promote social change that fosters an independent, productive lifestyle for individuals with disabilities. About ESPCC The EmploymentSupport Professional Certification Council (ESPCC) was established in 2011 by the APSE Board of Directors to establish and implement policies and procedures for the CESP certification program and to oversee the development the CESP examination. The ESPCC is responsible for developing and overseeing all aspects of the certification program. What is Certification ESPCC developed the Certified Employment Support Professional (CESP) program to set a standard of knowledge and distinguish employment support professionals who have shown they have the skill and competence to perform the requirements of the job. Professional certification is different than a training or educational program. Training programs offer a certificate of attendance when an individual completes the coursework, but they do not give a credential. ESPCC used a nationally recognized process to define the roles and responsibilities of the employment support professional and awards a credential after the individual passes an exam to demonstrate their competence. Meet Eligibility Requirements Submit Application Prepare for the Exam Meet Professional Development Requirements Display your CESP Credential Pass the Exam Potential Job Roles, Practice Settings of Typical Candidates/Certificants The ESPCC developed the CESPTM for employment support professionals (ESPs) who provide employment services to individuals with significant disabilities by assisting individuals to obtain and maintain competitive employment in integrated community workplaces. The CESP credential is designed for job coaches, job developers, transition employment specialists, job placement personnel, and employment specialists/consultants who serve a wide variety of target audiences including individuals with intellectual/developmental disabilities, mental health diagnoses, sensory impairments, physical disabilities, traumatic brain injury and autism spectrum disorders.

The LEAST effective way for a family to support a job seeker in obtaining competitive employment is to attend job interviews and new employer orientation sessions to learn more about the job and hiring procedures. This is because it may interfere with the job seeker’s autonomy, self-determination, and self-advocacy skills, which are essential for successful employment outcomes. It may also create a negative impression on the employer, who may perceive the job seeker as dependent, unprepared, or lacking confidence. Furthermore, it may violate the confidentiality and privacy of the job seeker, who may not want to disclose personal information to the family or the employer. Therefore, the family should respect the job seeker’s choices and preferences, and support them from a distance, unless the job seeker explicitly requests their presence or assistance. References:

• APSE CESP Practice Exam, Question 3
• APSE CESP Exam Content Outline, Domain 2, Task 2.2
• APSE CESP Code of Conduct, Principle 1, Section 1.3
• APSE CESP Handbook, Page 12, Section 4.1.3

According to the CESP Candidate Handbook1, Domain 4 of the CESP certification covers Workplace and Related Supports, which includes the following tasks:

• 4.1 Conduct job analysis to identify the essential functions, skills, and supports needed for successful job performance.
• 4.2 Provide job training and coaching to facilitate skill acquisition, work performance, and retention.
• 4.3 Collaborate with the employer, the employee, and other stakeholders to develop and implement natural and ongoing supports.
• 4.4 Monitor and evaluate the employee’s work performance, satisfaction, and career development.

The best time for an employment support professional to conduct a job analysis is once the individual has accepted a position. This would be consistent with the task 4.1, which requires the employment support professional to identify the essential functions, skills, and supports needed for successful job performance. By conducting a job analysis after the individual has accepted a position, the employment support professional would be able to collect accurate and relevant data on the specific job duties, tasks, activities, and elements, as well as the work environment, tools and equipment, relationships, and requirements. This information would help the employment support professional to provide job training and coaching, collaborate with the employer and the employee, and monitor and evaluate the employee’s work performance, satisfaction, and career development.

The other options are not the best times to conduct a job analysis, because they either occur too early or too late in the employment process. Conducting a job analysis after the individual starts work (option B) is too late, because the employment support professional would miss the opportunity to provide job training and coaching, and to facilitate the employee’s adjustment and integration into the workplace. Conducting a job analysis on the day of the interview (option C) is too early, because the employment support professional would not have enough information or access to the specific job and workplace that the individual is applying for. Conducting a job analysis when the individual applies for work (option D) is also too early, because the employment support professional would not know which position the individual would be offered or accept, and would have to conduct multiple job analyses for different potential jobs.

References: 1: CESP Candidate Handbook, page 10.

 The best job development activity for this scenario is to speak with a station manager about customizing a position that utilizes her strengths and abilities. This option aligns with the principles of individualized employment and career planning, which is one of the domains of knowledge covered by the CESP certification1. Customized employment is a process that matches the skills, interests, and abilities of a job seeker with a disability to the needs of an employer2. By speaking with a station manager, the employment support professional can explore the possibility of creating a job that fits the job seeker’s goal of working in broadcasting, while also addressing her communication challenges. This option also demonstrates respect for the job seeker’s preferences and choices, which is another core value of the CESP certification1.

The other options are not the best job development activities for this scenario. Option B, videoing her to show her how she looks and sounds, is not a job development activity at all. It is more of an assessment or feedback tool that could be used to help the job seeker improve her speech skills, but it does not directly help her find a job in broadcasting. Option C, speaking with a station manager to learn what opportunities exist for people with disabilities at his station, is a job development activity, but it is not individualized or customized to the job seeker’s specific goal and needs. It is more of a general inquiry that could be done for any job seeker with a disability, regardless of their career interests or abilities. Option D, referring her to a speech pathologist, is also not a job development activity. It is a referral to another professional who could provide specialized services to help the job seeker with her speech disorder. While this could be a beneficial service for the job seeker, it does not directly help her find a job in broadcasting. It also implies that the job seeker needs to fix her speech problem before she can work in broadcasting, which is not consistent with the CESP values of inclusion and diversity1.

References: 1: CESP™ - Association of People Supporting Employment First 2: Customized Employment | U.S. Department of Labor

The LEAST appropriate response to the female’s concern is B, because it implies that she should not do an assessment unless she knows exactly what she wants to do. This is contrary to the purpose of situational assessments, which are meant to help individuals with disabilities explore their interests, skills, and preferences in different work environments1. Telling her that it is best to have a clear idea of her career goal may discourage her from trying new things and limit her options. The other responses are more supportive and reassuring, as they emphasize the benefits of assessments and acknowledge her feelings. References: 1: CESP Candidate Handbook, page 5. Download here.

 it is not a valid strategy for customizing a job for an employee. Customizing a job means creating or modifying a position that matches the skills and interests of the employee with the unmet needs of the employer1. Job duties that remove employees from their areas of expertise, and combine the tasks into one position to save employer money, do not meet this criterion. They may also result in lower quality of work, lower job satisfaction, and lower retention rates2.

Answer A is not correct, because it is a possible way to customize a job for an employee. Job duties not essential to the employer’s needs can be eliminated or reassigned to create a more focused and efficient position that suits the employee’s strengths and preferences1.

Answer C is not correct, because it is also a possible way to customize a job for an employee. Tasks that are not being done or done often enough, and negotiate a job description, can help to fill a gap in the employer’s operations and create a niche for the employee1.

Answer D is not correct, because it is another possible way to customize a job for an employee. Tasks for which the employer is paying overtime that could be combined into a position to save the company money, can help to reduce the employer’s costs and increase the employee’s productivity1. References: 

https://apse.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/CESP-Practice-Exam-8-2.pdf

 According to the CESP Candidate Handbook1, one of the knowledge areas for Domain 1: Application of Core Values and Principles to Practice is “The impact of disclosure on employment and career development”. The handbook also states that “The CESP exam is based on the application of knowledge, not just the recall of facts”. Therefore, the best answer is the one that demonstrates the most effective and ethical practice for supporting the woman in her employment and career goals.

Option A is the best answer because it respects the woman’s right to self-determination and choice, and helps her to weigh the pros and cons of disclosing her disability in different situations and contexts. This can help her to make an informed decision that is based on her own preferences, needs, and circumstances, rather than on fear or misinformation.

Option B is not the best answer because it reinforces the woman’s negative perception of disclosure, and does not provide her with any information or guidance on how to handle disclosure issues. This can limit her opportunities and choices, and prevent her from accessing any reasonable accommodations or supports that she may need or want in the workplace.

Option C is not the best answer because it does not address the woman’s specific concerns or situation, and may come across as dismissive or insensitive. While sharing success stories can be helpful and motivational, they are not sufficient or relevant to help the woman make her own decision about disclosure. Moreover, success stories may not reflect the reality or diversity of experiences that people with disabilities face in the workplace.

Option D is not the best answer because it violates the woman’s privacy and autonomy, and may have legal and ethical implications. Discussing the woman’s disability with the prospective supervisor without her consent or knowledge is not appropriate or professional, and may damage the trust and rapport between the woman and theemployment support professional. Furthermore, the woman may not be protected by the ADA if she does not request or agree to any reasonable accommodations or modifications.

References: 1: CESP Candidate Handbook

One of the best ways to become more familiar with a job seeker’s daily routine and environment is to spend time with the individual in their natural settings, such as their home, community, or school1. This can help the employment support professional to observe the job seeker’s skills, interests, preferences, and needs, as well as to identify potential barriers and supports for employment2. Reading the Vocational Evaluation Report, checking their school records, or asking their counselor may provide some useful information, but they are not as effective as direct observation and interaction with the job seeker3. References: 1: CESP Content Outline -CESP 2: Certified Employment Support Professional 3: Domain Application of Core Values and Principles to Practice 1

Paid work trials are a form of on-the-job training that allow employers to assess the skills and suitability of potential employees before offering them a job contract. They are different from unpaid work trials, which are only legal if they are brief, supervised, and used to demonstrate the minimum requirements of the job12. Paid work trials are also different from volunteer work, which is done for a charitable or community organization without expectation of payment or employment3. A guarantee of job offer is not a part of a paid work trial, as the employer may decide not to hire the worker after the trial period. Going to the day program is not a paid work trial, as it is not related to a specific job or employer. References: 1: What are Your Entitlements: Paid vs Unpaid Trials 2: When is a Trial Shift Legal? (2024 Update) - Lawpath 3: Volunteering - Fair Work Ombudsman

The best way to know more about a job seeker is to ask him directly about his background and desire for services. This is consistent with the principles of self-determination, empowerment, and person-centered planning that are part of the CESP Domain 2 Individualized Employment and Career Planning1. Asking him directly also shows respect for his autonomy and preferences, and allows him to share his strengths, interests, and goals in his own words. Asking family and clinicians, reading his case file, or placing him in a job without his input may provide some useful information, but they may also be biased, outdated, or irrelevant to his current situation and aspirations. Moreover, they may undermine his confidence and motivation to pursue employment. References: 1: CESP Content Outline - CESP

 An informational interview is a meeting with a potential employer or a person who works in a field of interest to learn more about their business, industry, or occupation. It is not a job interview, but rather a networking and research opportunity12. The main purpose of an informational interview is to gather information that can help with job development and career planning for a job-seeker. Therefore, it is important to ask open-ended questions that can reveal the business’s needs, challenges, culture, and expectations3. The other options (A, C, and D) are not appropriate for an informational interview, as they may come across as too pushy, irrelevant, or premature. References: 1: Informational Interviewing | Career Center 2: Informational Interviewing - Association of People Supporting Employment First 3: CESP study guide Flashcards | Quizlet

 According to the CESP handbook, one of the core competencies of an employment support professional is to facilitate self-employment and customized employment opportunities for individuals with disabilities1. Self-employment is a form of integrated employment that allows individuals to create their own businesses based on their strengths, preferences, and interests2. Customized employment is a process of individualizing the employment relationship between a job seeker and an employer based on the needs of both3. To facilitate self-employment and customized employment, an employment support professional may need to collaborate with various team members, such as small business development consultants, family members or friends, and other community partners4. However, a representative of the individual’s medical team may not be the most important team member to support his businessventure, as the medical team’s role is more focused on the individual’s health and rehabilitation needs, rather than his vocational goals and aspirations. While the medical team may provide some input on the individual’s abilities and limitations, they may not have the expertise or the authority to assist with the business and marketing plan, the coordination of resources and supports, or the networking, bookkeeping, and transportation aspects of the self-employment venture. Therefore, a representative of the individual’s medical team is the least important team member to support his business venture, compared to the other options. References: 1: CESP Candidate Handbook, page 5 2: Self-Employment for People with Disabilities 3: Customized Employment 4: Self-Employment Toolkit

According to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), employers are required to provide reasonable accommodations for qualified individuals with disabilities, unless doing so would cause an undue hardship. An undue hardship is defined as a significant difficulty or expense in relation to the employer’s size, financial resources, and the nature of its operations. Therefore, when advocating for supports and accommodations for someone with a disability, it is most important to consider that the employer must provide accommodations regardless of the cost unless the employer can prove that the accommodation would create an undue hardship. The other options are incorrect because:

• B. The accommodations may be used by other employees as well, as long as they do not interfere with the performance of the employee with a disability or create a safety hazard.
• C. The accommodations are not the decision of one person, but rather the result of an interactive process between the employer and the employee with a disability, and possibly a third party such as a vocational rehabilitation counselor or an employment support professional.
• D. The accommodations are not limited to physical accommodations, but may also include changes to the work environment, work schedule, work tasks, work equipment, work policies, or work procedures, depending on the individual’s needs and preferences. References:
• Reasonable Accommodations in the Workplace
• Disability and Health Inclusion Strategies

 The best option for the employment support professional to do is to recommend the family consult with a benefits specialist. A benefits specialist is someone who can provide accurate and individualized information on how work and earnings may affect the student’s eligibility for SSI and other public benefits, such as Medicaid, food stamps, or housing assistance. A benefits specialist can also explain the various work incentives and programs that are available to help the student transition to work without losing essential benefits and supports. For example, the student may qualify for the student earned income exclusion, which allows a student under age 22 and regularly attending school to exclude some or all of their earnings from income when determining their SSI benefit amount12. A benefits specialist can also help the student and the family plan for future goals and needs, such as saving for education, training, or assistive technology.

The other options are not appropriate for the employment support professional to do because:

• A. Advising the family that the student is required to work as part of the transition plan may be seen as coercive or insensitive to the family’s concerns and fears. It may also create conflict or resistance between the family and the school or the employment support professional. The student’s transition plan should be based on the student’s preferences, interests, needs, and strengths, and should involve the collaboration and agreement of all parties involved, including the student, the family, the school, and the employment support professional.
• B. Informing the family that the student can work 15 hours per week without affecting benefits and insurance may be inaccurate or misleading, as the impact of work and earnings on benefits and insurance may vary depending on the student’s individual situation and the type and amount of income they receive. It may also be insufficient to address the family’s concerns and questions, as they may need more detailed and specific information on how work and earnings may affect the student’s current and future benefits and supports.
• C. Agreeing with the family that the student who has SSI cannot work may be discouraging or limiting for the student’s potential and opportunities. It may also be contrary to the core values and principles of the employment support professional, which include promoting the inclusion, empowerment, and self-determination of people with disabilities in the workforce and society. It may also be inconsistent with the evidence and best practices that show that people with disabilities can work and achieve positive outcomes with appropriate supports and accommodations. References:
• SSI Spotlight on Student Earned Income Exclusion
• SSI Rules for College Students

 Disability sensitivity training is a form of education that aims to increase awareness and understanding of the needs and experiences of people with disabilities. It can help employers and employees to foster a more inclusive and respectful work environment, where people with disabilities are valued and supported. Disability sensitivity training can also help to prevent discrimination, harassment, and stereotypes that may affect people with disabilities in the workplace. Disability sensitivity training is consistent with the core values and principles of the CESP certification, which include promoting the dignity, rights, and full inclusion of people with disabilities in the workforce1.

The other options are not correct because:

• A. special treatment for employee with a disability may imply that the employee is not capable of performing their job or that they are entitled to privileges that other employees do not have. This may create resentment and stigma among coworkers and undermine the employee’s self-esteem and autonomy2.
• C. inclusive hiring policy is a good practice, but it is not enough to ensure a diverse workforce. An inclusive hiring policy should be accompanied by other measures, such as disability sensitivity training, reasonable accommodations, mentoring, and career development, to support the retention and advancement of employees with disabilities3.
• D. separate lunchroom for employees with disabilities is a form of segregation that violates the principle of integration and inclusion. It may also create a sense of isolation and alienation for employees with disabilities, who may feel excluded from the social and professional networks of their coworkers4. References:
• 1: CESP Candidate Handbook, page 5
• 2: Disability Sensitivity Training: What is it and Why is it Important?
• 3: How to Create an Inclusive Hiring Policy
• 4: The Importance of Inclusion in the Workplace

According to the CESP Candidate Handbook1, Domain 3 of the CESP certification covers Community Research and Job Development, which includes the following tasks:

• 3.1 Conduct community research to identify potential employers and employment opportunities that match the job seeker’s employment goals and support needs.
• 3.2 Develop and maintain relationships with employers and community partners to facilitate job development and placement.
• 3.3 Negotiate customized employment opportunities that meet the needs and preferences of both the job seeker and the employer.
• 3.4 Assist the job seeker to prepare for and participate in the hiring process.

The most effective strategy for ensuring that people with disabilities are welcomed into the mainstream of a community’s workforce is to develop a marketing approach that represents people with disabilities in a positive, inclusive manner. This would be consistent with the task 3.2, which requires the employment support professional to develop and maintain relationships with employers and community partners to facilitate job development and placement. By developing a marketing approach that represents people with disabilities in a positive, inclusive manner, the employment support professional would help to raise awareness and change attitudes about the value and potential of people with disabilities as employees, customers, and citizens. This wouldalso help to promote the benefits of diversity and inclusion in the workplace, such as increased productivity, innovation, and customer satisfaction23.

The other options are not the most effective strategies for ensuring that people with disabilities are welcomed into the mainstream of a community’s workforce, because theyeither create or reinforce barriers, stereotypes, or segregation for people with disabilities. Helping employers identify areas of their workplace where employees with disabilities will not interfere with the productivity of other workers (option A) is not an effective strategy, because it implies that people with disabilities are a burden or a problem for the workplace, rather than an asset or a solution. This would also limit the opportunities and choices for people with disabilities, and prevent them from fully participating and contributing to the workplace. Educating employers about the legal requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) (option C) is an important strategy, but it is not the most effective one, because it focuses on the compliance and obligation of employers, rather than the motivation and opportunity of employers. This would also not address the attitudinal and cultural barriers that may exist in the workplace, such as stigma, prejudice, or discrimination. Assisting the community to establish separate training programs for individuals with disabilities to prepare for competitive employment (option D) is not an effective strategy, because it creates segregation and isolation for people with disabilities, rather than integration and inclusion. This would also imply that people with disabilities need special or different training than others, rather than equal or customized training.

References: 1: CESP Candidate Handbook, page 10. 2: Disability and work, ILO, 6. 3: Disability and Employment, United Nations Enable, 5.

The most appropriate way to communicate through an ASL interpreter with a job seeker who is Deaf and uses sign language is to direct your attention to the job seeker. This shows respect and inclusion for the job seeker, and allows you to pick up their non-verbal cues. You should also speak in the first person, use your normal language and tone, and pause for the interpreter to interpret. Writing notes, speaking to the interpreter, or shifting eye contact are not recommended, as they can create confusion, distraction, or misunderstanding. References: 10 Tips for Using a Sign Language Interpreter, Best Practices for Using an ASL Interpreter, Etiquette using interpreter, Best Practices for Communicating Through an Interpreter

The best advocacy for Carl to receive bus training is to assist him to meet with his team and his parents to discuss city bus training, then plan and prepare for the city bus training. This option respects Carl’s right to self-determination and empowerment, as well as his parents’ concerns and involvement. It also allows for a collaborative and individualized approach to address Carl’s transportation needs and goals. The other options are either disrespectful, dishonest, or ineffective in promoting Carl’s independence and inclusion in the generalworkforce. References: https://cesp.helpscoutdocs.com/article/637-cesp-examination-content-outline

https://apse.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/CESP-Practice-Exam-8-2.pdf

A reasonable accommodation is any change to the application or hiring process, to the job, to the way the job is done, or the work environment that allows a person with a disability who is qualified for the job to perform the essential functions of that job andenjoy equal employment opportunities1. Reasonable accommodations are required by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Rehabilitation Act for employers who have 15 or more employees12.

Among the four options, only D is not an example of a reasonable accommodation, because orientation training for new employees is not a change that is specifically related to a person’s disability. Orientation training is a benefit or privilege of employment that is typically provided to all new employees, regardless of their disability status13. Therefore, providing orientation training is not a reasonable accommodation, unless the training itself is modified to accommodate a person’s disability (such as providing sign language interpreters, materials in alternative formats, or assistive technology)13.

Options A, B, and C are examples of reasonable accommodations, because they are changes that are specifically related to a person’s disability and enable them to apply for, perform, or enjoy the benefits of a job. An application in larger print is a reasonable accommodation for a person with a visual impairment who may have difficulty reading standard print12. A wheelchair ramp is a reasonable accommodation for a person with a mobility impairment who may have difficulty accessing a building or a work area12. A headset to enable hands-free access to the phone system is a reasonable accommodation for a person with a manual dexterity impairment who may have difficulty holding or dialing a phone12.

References:

• 1: Reasonable Accommodations in the Workplace | ADA National Network
• 2: Enforcement Guidance on Reasonable Accommodation and Undue Hardship under the ADA | U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
• 3: Reasonable Accommodations - U.S. Office of Personnel Management

The Trial Work Period (TWP) is a Work Incentive that allows SSDI recipients to test their ability to work for at least 9 months and still receive full disability benefits, regardless of their earnings. The 9 months do not have to be consecutive, but are counted within a rolling 60-month period. Any month in which the earnings exceed a certain amount ($970 in 2022) is considered a month of service for the TWP. After completing the TWP, SSDI recipients enter a 36-month Extended Period of Eligibility (EPE), during which they may receive benefits for any month their earnings are below the Substantial Gainful Activity (SGA) level ($1,350 for non-blind individuals and $2,260 for blind individuals in 2022). References: Trial Work Period - The United States Social Security Administration, What You Need to Know About the Trial Work Period, Trial Work Period (TWP) - Ticket to Work - Social Security

The best response the employment support professional (ESP) can offer to relieve the employer’s concern is to assure them that they can provide assistance and guidance to the employee’s co-workers if there are any issues or challenges related to working with a person with disabilities. This response shows that the ESP is committed to supporting the employee’s successful integration and inclusion in the workplace, and that they are willing to address any potential problems that may arise from negative or inaccurate attitudes toward the employee with disabilities. The ESP can also offer to provide information, education, or training to the co-workers to help them understand the employee’s disability, strengths, and needs, and to foster positive and respectful interactions. This response is consistent with the evidence-basedpractices and principles of supported employment, which emphasize the role of the ESP as a facilitator and a resource for both the employee and the employer

The LEAST appropriate FIRST step is to help her get a small business loan. This would be premature and risky, as it would involve committing to a financial obligation without having a clear and realistic business plan. It would also bypass the important steps of assessing her strengths, interests, needs, and goals, as well as researching the market and the feasibility of her business idea. The other options are more appropriate and helpful because:

• A. Visiting local businesses would help her to learn from other entrepreneurs, network with potential partners or customers, and identify the opportunities and challenges of running a business in her community.
• B. Determining her prior work experience would help her to evaluate her skills, knowledge, and abilities, as well as her areas of improvement and development. It would also help her to showcase her qualifications and achievements to potential investors or lenders.
• C. Learning why she wants to start her own business would help her to clarify her vision, mission, and values, as well as her motivation and passion. It would also help her to set realistic and attainable goals and objectives for her business. References:
• CESP Candidate Handbook, page 12, Domain 2: Individualized Employment and Career Planning, Task 2.20: Self-employment resources for job seeker, Knowledge of 2.20.1: Self-employment options and resources
• CESP Practice Exam, question 5, answer C: The job seeker’s strengths, interests, needs and conditions for employment.

The MOST appropriate way to proceed in this situation is to reframe the employer’s question from diagnosis to reasonable accommodations in the workplace. This is because it respects the job seeker’s right to privacy and self-determination, while also addressing the employer’s concerns about the job performance and productivity. It also helps to focus on the job seeker’s abilities and skills, rather than the disability label or symptoms. By reframing the question, the employment support professional can also educate the employer on the benefits of hiring people with disabilities, such as diversity, loyalty, and innovation. Furthermore, it can also open up a dialogue about the available resources and supports for both the employer and the employee, such as tax credits, assistive technology, or job coaching. References:

• APSE CESP Practice Exam, Question 2
• APSE CESP Exam Content Outline, Domain 3, Task 3.4
• APSE CESP Code of Conduct, Principle 1, Section 1.2
• APSE CESP Handbook, Page 13, Section 4.2.2

Zero exclusion is one of the principles of Employment First, which means that all individuals with disabilities, regardless of the level or type of disability, are presumed to be capable of working in competitive integrated employment (CIE) with appropriate services and supports. This principle rejects the notion that some people are “too disabled” to work or need to meet certain criteria before they can access employment services. Instead, it affirms the right and opportunity of every person with a disability to pursue their employment goals and aspirations. References: APSE: Employment First Definition and Principles, Employment First | U.S. Department of Labor

According to the CESP Candidate Handbook1, Domain 2 of the CESP certification covers Individualized Employment and Career Planning, which includes the following tasks:

• 2.1 Conduct person-centered career planning and discovery activities to identify the job seeker’s skills, interests, preferences, and support needs.
• 2.2 Assist the job seeker to develop an individualized employment plan that reflects his or her employment goals and support strategies.
• 2.3 Assist the job seeker to explore and access education and training opportunities related to his or her employment goals.

The best initial step for an employment support professional to help a job seeker who is interested in doing auto body work, but does not know much about it, is to help him visit with the auto body garage to better understand the work. This would be an example of a person-centered career planning and discovery activity, which would help the job seeker to identify his or her skills, interests, preferences, and support needs related to auto body work. It would also provide the job seeker with an opportunity to learn more about the work environment, the tasks and responsibilities, the qualifications and requirements, and the potential earnings and benefits of auto body work. This information would help the job seeker to decide if auto body work is a suitable and realistic employment goal, and to develop an individualized employment plan accordingly.

The other options are not the best initial steps, because they either assume that the job seeker has already decided on auto body work as an employment goal, or they do not provide enough information or exploration for the job seeker to make an informed decision. Helping the job seeker research the career’s potential earnings (option A) is important, but it is not enough to determine if the job seeker is interested in andcapable of doing auto body work. Helping the job seeker fill out an application at a local auto body garage (option B) is premature, because the job seeker may not meet the qualifications or requirements, or may not enjoy the work once hired. Helping the job seeker enroll in the auto body course at the local community college (option C) is also premature, because the job seeker may not have the necessary prerequisites, or may not find the course relevant or useful for his or her employment goals.

References: 1: CESP Candidate Handbook, page 10.

Job coach services are an example of an Impairment Related Work Expense (IRWE). An IRWE is a cost for an item or service that a person with a disability needs in order to work because of their impairment1. Social Security will deduct the costs of an IRWE from the person’s countable income when determining their eligibility for Social Security disability benefits or Supplemental Security Income (SSI)1. Job coach services are a type of assistance that a person with a disability may require in order to perform their job duties, learn new skills, or adjust to the work environment2. Job coach services are not reimbursed by another source, such as the employer or a vocational rehabilitation agency, and the cost is reasonable, meaning that it represents the standard charge for the service in the community1. Therefore, job coach services meet the criteria for an IRWE and can be deducted from the person’s earnings.

The other options are not examples of an IRWE. Accommodations are changes or modifications that an employer makes to the work environment, equipment, or schedule to enable a person with a disability to perform their job3. Accommodations are not an IRWE because they are not paid by the person with a disability, but by the employer as required by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)3. An individualized plan for employment (IPE) is a document that outlines the goals, services, and supports that a person with a disability needs to achieve their desired employment outcome4. An IPE is not an IRWE because it is not a cost for an item or service, but a plan that guides the person’s vocational rehabilitation process4. Transportation is a cost for getting to andfrom work, such as bus fare, taxi, or car expenses5. Transportation is not an IRWE unless the person with a disability needs a special transportation service because of their impairment, such as a wheelchair-accessible van or a personal driver5. If the person usesthe same transportation service as the general public, the cost is not deductible as an IRWE5.

References: 1: Impairment-Related Work Expenses - Social Security 2: Job Coach Services - CareerOneStop 3: Reasonable Accommodations - U.S. Department of Labor 4: Individualized Plan for Employment - Social Security 5: DI 10520.001 Impairment-Related Work Expenses (IRWE) - Social Security

Completing the job tasks for the individual is not a helpful training technique, because it does not promote the individual’s learning, independence, or self-confidence. It may also reinforce the individual’s frustration and dependence on others. Instead, a better approach would be to provide positive reinforcement, break down the task into smaller steps, use prompts and cues, and offer feedback and support12. References: 1: CESP™ - Association of People Supporting Employment First 2: Computer-Assisted Cognitive Re-Training as An Intervention for Children …

This answer reflects the core values and principles of employment support professionals, who believe that all people have the right to work in the general workforce and earn competitive wages. Employment support professionals also respect the self-determination and empowerment of job seekers, and provide individualized services that match their interests, goals, and abilities. The other answers are not appropriate because they suggest limiting the job seeker’s options, segregating them from the community, or lowering their expectations. References:

• Domain 1 Application of Core Values and Principles to Practice1234
• Domain 2 Individualized Employment and Career Planning1234

 A reasonable accommodation is any change to the job, the way the job is done, or the work environment that allows a qualified person with a disability to perform the essential functions of that job and enjoy equal employment opportunities1. Reasonable accommodations are required by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) unless they create an undue hardship or a direct threat2. Among the four options, only B is a reasonable accommodation that does not alter the essential functions of the job or impose an undue burden on the employer. Providing longer time to complete mandatory training is a way of adjusting the methods or presentation of the trainingmaterials to accommodate the employee’s disability3. Option A is not a reasonable accommodation because transportation to and from the workplace is not related to the job itself, but rather to the living conditions or mobility of the employee4. Option C is not a reasonable accommodation because assistance from another employee to complete essential functions implies that the employee cannot perform the job on their own, which would make them unqualified for the position5. Option D is not a reasonable accommodation because omitting typing for a data entry position would eliminate an essential function of the job, which would fundamentally alter the nature of the position6. References:

• Reasonable Accommodations in the Workplace
• Your Employment Rights as an Individual with a Disability
• Your Right to Reasonable Accommodation at the workplace
• Reasonable Accommodations - U.S. Office of Personnel Management
• Accommodations | U.S. Department of Labor

According to the ADA National Network1, a reasonable accommodation is any change to the job, the work environment, or the way things are usually done that allows a person with a disability who is qualified for the job to perform the essential functions of that job and enjoy equal employment opportunities. Examples of reasonable accommodations include making existing facilities accessible; job restructuring; part-time or modified work schedules; acquiring or modifying equipment; changing tests, training materials, or policies; and providing qualified readers or interpreters. Lowering the quality or quantity standards for work, or reallocating an essential function of a job, are not reasonable accommodations, as they would alter thefundamental nature of the job or the employer’s expectations. References: 1: Reasonable Accommodations in the Workplace | ADA National Network

This question belongs to Domain 2 Individualized Employment and Career Planning, which covers the skills and knowledge needed to assess the job seeker’s preferences, abilities, and goals, and to develop a customized employment plan based on the job seeker’s strengths andinterests1. One of the tasks in this domain is to review the job seeker’s information to identify the most important factors for successful employment2. In this case, the job seeker has a cognitive disability, which may affect her learning, memory, problem-solving, and communication skills3. She also has some specific preferences for her work environment, such as interacting with customers, working in a temperature-controlled setting, and avoiding working when it is dark outside. Based on these factors, the best fit for her would be a job that:

• Allows her to use her social skills and customer service abilities
• Provides a comfortable and consistent work environment
• Matches her preferred work hours and schedule

Among the four options given, only option D meets all these criteria. Cashiering at a retail store during the early afternoon would allow her to interact with customers, work in a temperature-controlled setting, and avoid working when it is dark outside. Option A, preparing food during morning hours, may not involve much customer interaction, and may expose her to varying temperatures and potential hazards in the kitchen. Option B, assisting customers at a plant nursery during the afternoon, may not be temperature-controlled, and may require working with plants and soil, which may not suit her preferences. Option C, filing and scanning documents in an office during lunch hours, may not offer enough customer interaction, and may be too short and irregular for her work hours.

Therefore, option D is the best fit for the job seeker, as it matches her preferences, abilities, and goals the most. References: 1: CESP Examination Content Outline - CESP 2: CESP Content Outline - CESP 3: Cognitive Disability - CDC

 People First Language is a way of communicating respectfully and appropriately with and about people with disabilities. It puts the person before the diagnosis, describing what condition a person “has” rather than asserting what a person “is”. It avoids using labels or adjectives that define or dehumanize someone based on their disability. Forexample, instead of saying “a diabetic”, we can say “a person with diabetes”. This way, we emphasize the person’s individuality, personhood, and dignity, not their disability.

In the given options, only D. He is a person with autism follows the People First Language. It refers to the person first, and then to the condition that he has. The other options use offensive, insensitive, or outdated terms that imply negative stereotypes or limitations. For example, A. He is disabled suggests that the person is defined by his disability, and does not acknowledge his abilities or potential. B. She is brain damaged is a derogatory and inaccurate term that does not respect the person’s cognitive or intellectual abilities. C. She is confined to a wheelchair implies that the person is trapped or restricted by their mobility device, rather than empowered or assisted by it. References: 

https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/materials/factsheets/fs-communicating-with-people.html

https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/what-we-do/science-health-public-trust/perspectives/writing-respectfully-person-first-identity-first-language

According to the CESP Candidate Handbook1, one of the knowledge areas for Domain 2: Individualized Employment and Career Planning is “Strategies for addressing challenging behaviors in the workplace”. The handbook also states that “The CESP exam is based on the application of knowledge, not just the recall of facts”. Therefore, the best answer is the one that demonstrates the most effective and evidence-based practice for supporting Ann in her new job.

Option B is the best answer because it involves reviewing any relevant data and information that can help identify what triggers Ann’s challenging behaviors, what motivates her to work, and what strategies have been successful in the past. This can help the employment support professional to design a personalized and proactive plan for Ann that can increase her chances of success and satisfaction in her new job.

Option A is not the best answer because it suggests that Ann should be segregated from the integrated community workplace and placed in a sheltered setting until she proves herself. This goes against the core values and principles of APSE and the CESP credential, which promote inclusion, choice, and self-determination for people with disabilities2.

Option C is not the best answer because it implies that Ann is likely to have problems and that the employment support professional is not confident or competent enough to handle them. This can create a negative impression of Ann and her abilities to the employer and the co-workers, and undermine her self-esteem and independence. Moreover, having a back-up staff person is not a guarantee that Ann will not have challenging behaviors, and it does not address the root causes or the solutions for them.

Option D is not the best answer because it focuses on the negative aspects of Ann’s behavior and history, rather than her strengths and interests. This can also create a biased and unfavorable view ofAnn to the employer and the co-workers, and lower their expectations and support for her. Furthermore, describing Ann’s challenging behaviors without providing any context, rationale, or intervention plan is not helpful or professional.

References: 1: CESP Candidate Handbook 2: APSE Ethical Guidelines for Professionals in Supported Employment

 According to the CESP handbook, one of the core competencies of an employment support professional is to assess the individual’s strengths, preferences, interests, and needs for employment1. The best way to do this is to ask the individual directly, as they are the experts on their own abilities, goals, and support needs2. Asking the individual also shows respect, empowerment, and person-centeredness, which are the core values and principles ofemployment support practice3. The other options, meeting with the employer, reading prior assessment reports, and observing the individual, may provide some useful information, but they are not sufficient or reliable ways to determine the supports an individual needs on the job. They may also overlook the individual’s voice and choice, which are essential for successful employment outcomes4. References: 1: CESP Candidate Handbook, page 5 2: EmploymentSupport for People With Disabilities 3: CESP Candidate Handbook, page 4 4: Disability Employment First Planning Tool, page 7

 The least effective question to ask is “How do you feel about employing people with disabilities?” This is because this question is not relevant to the purpose of an informational interview, which is to gather information about the business, the industry, the job requirements, and the employer’s needs1. Asking this question may also create a negative impression of the job developer and the job seeker, as it may imply that the job seeker is not qualified or capable of performing the job, or that the employer has a bias or prejudice against people with disabilities2. Furthermore, this question may violate the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which prohibits employers from asking disability-related questions before making a job offer3.

References:

• 1: Informational Interviewing: A Guide for Employment Support Professionals1
• 2: Job Development Dos and Don’ts2
• 3: Pre-Employment Inquiries and the ADA3

 A baseline task analysis is a method of assessing the current performance and skills of a job seeker or employee before providing any training or intervention. It is used to determine the initial production and quality standards for measuring training progress, as well as to identify the strengths and areas of improvement for the individual. A baseline task analysis can also help to design a customized training plan that matches the individual’s learning style and preferences12.

Answer B is not correct, because a baseline task analysis is not related to Social Security income reductions based on earned wages. Social Security income reductions are determined by the Substantial Gainful Activity (SGA) level, the Trial Work Period (TWP), the Extended Period of Eligibility (EPE), and the Impairment-Related Work Expenses (IRWE)3. A baseline task analysis does not affect these factors.

Answer C is not correct, because a baseline task analysis is not used to determine wages for an individual based upon on-the-job production. Wages are determined by the employer, the market value of the job, and the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)4. A baseline task analysis does not influence these factors.

Answer D is not correct, because a baseline task analysis is not used to measure work progress and social interaction on the job. Work progress and social interaction are measured by ongoing assessments, such as performance reviews, feedback, observations, and data collection5. A baseline task analysis is only a snapshot of the initial performance and skills of the individual. References: 

https://www.apse.org/wp-content/uploads/docs/CESP%20Candidate%20Handbook.1.123.pdf

 According to the U.S. Department of Labor-funded Job Accommodation Network (JAN), 59 percent of accommodations for employees with disabilities cost nothing, while the rest of the accommodations had a typical cost of only $5001. This means that most workplace accommodations for people with a psychiatric disability are either free or very low-cost for the employer. Some examples of such accommodations are flexible scheduling, modified training and supervision, and leave for treatment or recovery234. These accommodations can benefit both the employee and the employer by enhancing productivity, reducing absenteeism, and improving retention24. References:

• Accommodations for Employees with Mental Health Conditions
• Workplace Accommodations for People with Mental Illness: A Scoping Review
• Reasonable accommodations for disabilities - Employer.gov
• Workplace Mental Health - Reasonable Job Accommodations