API-577 Welding Inspection and Metallurgy Exam Question and Answers

The properties of the base metal.

The thickness of the metal.

The residual hardness of the weld joint.

The heat input during welding.

Hardenability.

Temper embrittlement.

Heat treatability.

Thermal conductivity.

A feathery line of longitudinal orientation located at the center of the weld image.

Elongated lines of darker density, irregular in width, and slightly winding in the lengthwise direction.

A feathery, twisted line of darker density running across the width of the weld.

An irregular darker line near the center of the width of the weld image along the edge of the root pass image.

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

An area next to the heat-affected zone that has suffered some softening and loss of strength.

The microstructure of the weld that has been melted and will therefore have properties more like a casting than the base metal.

An area near the heat-affected zone affected by welding that may experience intergranular corrosion.

The high residual stress zone adjacent to the weld fusion line that will have higher hardness than the weld or base material.

Hammering

Mechanical stress relieving

Needle gunning

Peening

Inadequate preheat

Improper welding speed

Improper heat input and improper welding technique

Not using a low hydrogen electrode or improper shielding

Voltage

Arc length

Heat

Travel speed

A definition of welds that should be inspected in refinery and chemical plant equipment.

A definition of specific techniques and practices that should be used for welding inspection.

Guidance on the extent and scope of inspection required for specific types of welds.

Guidance on welding inspection during the fabrication and repairing of refinery equipment and piping.

Assure that the welded material has sufficient yield strength to avoid brittle fracture.

Assure that the welded material has sufficient ductility to assist brittle fracture.

Assure that the welded material has sufficient toughness to resist brittle fracture.

Assure that the welded material has sufficient tensile strength to avoid failure at design loads.

The surface of a joint member included in the groove.

A separation at the joint root between the work pieces.

The beveled surface of the joint members.

That portion of the groove face adjacent to the joint root.

Good perception and the inspection would be approximately equal to a direct visual exam.

Sensitivity to find possible defects that a direct visual exam would produce.

A resolution at least equivalent to that which is attained by direct visual examination.

A greater acuity than the eye and the inspection would be better than a direct visual.

They should be corrected before welding proceeds further.

The inspector should seek engineering input on whether the defect is actually acceptable.

The inspector should determine whether the weld may be acceptable for the intended service.

The inspector should examine all welds produced by the same welder.

Thickness of parent metal below alloy metal claddings.

Thickness of surface coatings or cladding thickness.

Extent of bonding of coatings or claddings.

Holidays in coatings or claddings.

300°F (150°C)

500°F (260°C)

900°F (480°C)

1000°F (540°C)

WPQ to verify that the welder is qualified to perform the welding, given its position and process.

WPQ to verify that the specification in use is correct.

PQR to verify that the welder is qualified to perform the welding, given its position and process.

WPS to verify that the welder is qualified to perform the welding, given its position and process.

Comparable base metal characteristics

Weldability characteristics of base metal

Electrode characteristics

Chemical composition of the base metal

The entire radiograph minus 2 in. (50.8 mm) from the edges

Only the area of contrasting density

The specific portion of a radiograph that needs to be evaluated

The portion that is less than 3t from the center of the radiograph, where t is the thickness of the weld

The percentage of carbon that will be in the completed weld

The as-rolled hardness of the welding components

The carbon equivalent of the steel

The rate of cooling after the welding is completed

Impact testing

There is no single test

Weld tension tests

Bend testing

1050°F (556°C)

1150°F (621°C)

1250°F (677°C)

1350°F (730°C)

Non-load-bearing welds.

Insulation and refractory pins.

Flat position welds.

Non-pressure-containing welds.

In weld metal at the point where the arc terminates.

In the HAZ at the point where the arc initiates.

In weld metal at the point where the arc initiates.

In the HAZ at the point where the arc terminates.

Re-qualify the PQR.

Re-qualify the WPS.

Record the change on the existing WPS.

List the change as a supplement to the WPS.

Porosity and slag inclusions of the weld.

Cracking and corrosion resistance of the weld.

Strength and ductility of the weld.

Ductility and hardness of the weld.

Electrodes should never be stored in an oven that is used for food storage.

Low-hydrogen electrodes may be stored in ovens with cellulose-based electrodes, but must be in their original, unopened containers.

Electrode ovens should be heated by any means, but must have automatic heat controls and visible temperature indicators.

Low-hydrogen electrodes should never be stored with stainless-steel electrodes.

Welding rates are significantly lower than those obtained with SMAW.

Process is primarily suitable for only carbon steel and low alloy steels.

Process is limited to a flat position.

Weld is not visible during the welding process.

A correlation to a low tensile strength.

The presence of untempered martensite.

The Brinell test device was struck too hard with the hammer.

The presence of tempered martensite.

In the undercutting.

Parallel to the weld.

Transverse to the weld.

In the HAZ.

Selenium 75

Cobalt 60

Iridium 192

X-ray machine