The SecOps Group CAP Exam Dumps - Actual Questions Answers

Caching HTTP responses can pose security risks, especially for sensitive data, as cached responses might be accessed by unauthorized users (e.g., on a shared device). The goal is to identify the HTTP response header that prevents caching in the most secure way. Let’s evaluate the options:

Option A ("Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store"): Correct. The Cache-Control header with no-cache instructs clients to revalidate with the server before using a cached copy, and no-store prohibits caching entirely (no storage in any cache, including browser, proxy, or CDN). This combination ensures the response is not cached, providing the most secure prevention of caching for sensitive data.

Option B ("Secure-Cache: Enabled"): There is no standard HTTP header called Secure-Cache. This appears to be a made-up option and is not a valid mechanism for controlling caching.

Option C ("Cache-Control: Private"): The Cache-Control: Private directive allows caching but restricts it to the user’s private cache (e.g., browser cache), preventing shared caches (e.g., proxies) from storing the response. However, it still permits caching in the browser, which is less secure than preventing all caching, especially for sensitive data.

Option D ("Content-Security-Policy: no-cache, no-store"): The Content-Security-Policy (CSP) header is used to mitigate XSS and other attacks by controlling which resources can be loaded (e.g., scripts, images). It does not control caching, and no-cache, no-store are not valid CSP directives. This is incorrect.

The correct answer is A, as Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store is the most secure way to prevent caching, aligning with the CAP syllabus under "HTTP Headers Security" and "Sensitive Data Protection."References: SecOps Group CAP Documents - "HTTP Caching Security," "Cache-Control Directives," and "OWASP Secure Headers Project" sections.

The HTTP request is a GET to /help.php with a parameter file=../../../etc/passwd. Let’s analyze the vulnerability:

The file parameter includes ../ sequences, which are used to navigate up the directory structure (.. moves up one directory level). The request attempts to access /etc/passwd, a sensitive system file on Linux servers that contains user information.

This is indicative of aPath Traversal Vulnerability(also known as Directory Traversal), where an attacker manipulates file paths to access unauthorized files outside the intended directory. If the server does not sanitize or restrict the file parameter, it may serve the contents of /etc/passwd, leading to sensitive information disclosure.

Option A ("Cross-Site Request Forgery Vulnerability"): CSRF involves tricking a user into making an unintended request, typically via a malicious form or link. This request does not indicate CSRF; it’s a direct attempt to manipulate file access, so this is incorrect.

Option B ("Path Traversal Vulnerability"): As explained, the ../ sequences in the file parameter are a clear attempt at path traversal, making this the correct answer.

Option C ("Code Injection Vulnerability"): Code injection involves executing malicious code (e.g., PHP, SQL), but this request aims to read a file, not execute code, so this is incorrect.

Option D ("All of the above"): Since only Path Traversal applies, this is incorrect.

The correct answer is B, aligning with the CAP syllabus under "Path Traversal" and "OWASP Top 10 (A05:2021 - Security Misconfiguration)."References: SecOps Group CAP Documents - "Path Traversal Attacks," "Input Validation," and "OWASP Secure Coding Practices" sections.

In WordPress, the file that stores database connection details, including the database name, username, password, and host, iswp-config.php. This file is located in the root directory of a WordPress installation and is critical for configuring the connection to the MySQL database. It contains constants like DB_NAME, DB_USER, DB_PASSWORD, and DB_HOST, which must be protected from unauthorized access to prevent database compromise.

Option A ("wp-configuration.php"): A common misspelling; the correct file name lacks the extra "ation."

Option B ("wp-conf.php"): This is not a valid WordPress file name.

Option C ("wp-secret.php"): This is not a standard WordPress file.

Option D ("wp-config.php"): The correct and official file name used by WordPress.

The correct answer is D, aligning with the CAP syllabus under "Configuration Management" and "Application Security."References: SecOps Group CAP Documents - "Application Configuration," "WordPress Security," and "Database Security" sections.