2V0-71.23 VMware Tanzu for Kubernetes Operations Professional Question and Answers

VMware Aria Operations for Applications is a SaaS solution that provides observability for modern applications across multiple clouds and platforms. It collects and analyzes traces, metrics, and logs from various sources, including Tanzu Kubernetes Grid clusters managed by Tanzu Mission Control. To enable the integration between VMware Aria Operations for Applications and Tanzu Mission Control, an administrator can use the integrations tab in Tanzu Mission Control UI and follow the steps to configure the connection.

The other options are incorrect because:

• VMware Aria Operations for Applications is not enabled by default in Tanzu Mission Control. An administrator has to explicitly enable the integration and provide the required credentials and settings.
• An administrator cannot login to VMware Aria Operations for Applications and enable Tanzu Mission Control integration from the administration menu. The integration has to be initiated from Tanzu Mission Control UI.
• An administrator cannot download and install the VMware Aria Operations Observations agent from Tanzu CLI. The Observations agent is automatically installed on the clusters managed by Tanzu Mission Control once the integration is enabled.

References: Configure Integration with Tanzu Mission Control, Introducing the Tanzu Mission Control Integration for VMware Aria Automation

To enable workload management in vSphere using NSX Advanced Load Balancer, an administrator needs to prepare two components on NSX Advanced Load Balancer in advance: the Service Engine Group and the NSX Advanced Load Balancer Controller1.

• The Service Engine Group is a logical group of Service Engines that share the same configuration and resources. A Service Engine is a virtual machine that handles the data plane operations of NSX Advanced Load Balancer, such as load balancing, health monitoring, SSL termination, and more2. The administrator needs to configure a Service Engine Group for each Supervisor Cluster that will use NSX Advanced Load Balancer as the load balancer provider1.
• The NSX Advanced Load Balancer Controller is a virtual machine that handles the control plane operations of NSX Advanced Load Balancer, such as configuration, analytics, orchestration, and management2. The administrator needs to deploy and configure the NSX Advanced Load Balancer Controller VM in the management network of the vSphere environment where workload management will be enabled1.

The other options are incorrect because:

• The NSX Controller is not a component of NSX Advanced Load Balancer, but rather a component of NSX-T Data Center. The NSX Controller is a clustered virtual appliance that provides the control plane functions for logical switching and routing3. It is not required for enabling workload management in vSphere using NSX Advanced Load Balancer.
• Providing connectivity to NSX Manager is not a component of NSX Advanced Load Balancer, but rather a prerequisite for enabling workload management in vSphere using NSX-T Data Center. The NSX Manager is a virtual appliance that provides the management plane functions for NSX-T Data Center3. It is not required for enabling workload management in vSphere using NSX Advanced Load Balancer.
• The Avi Kubernetes Operator is not a component of NSX Advanced Load Balancer, but rather an optional tool that can be used to automate the installation and configuration of NSX Advanced Load Balancer on Kubernetes clusters4. It is not required for enabling workload management in vSphere using NSX Advanced Load Balancer.

References: Install and Configure the NSX Advanced Load Balancer for vSphere with Tanzu with NSX, NSX Advanced Load Balancer Architecture, NSX-T Data Center Architecture, Avi Kubernetes Operator

The set of tools that can be used to attach a Kubernetes cluster to VMware Tanzu Mission Control are kubectl and VMware Tanzu Mission Control Web Ul. kubectl is a command-line tool that allows users to interact with Kubernetes clusters. VMware Tanzu Mission Control Web Ul is a graphical user interface that allows users to manage their clusters and policies. To attach a cluster, users need to use both tools. First, they need to use the web console to select the cluster group and generate a YAML manifest for the cluster. Then, they need to use kubectl to apply the manifest on the cluster and install the cluster agent extensions that enable communication with Tanzu Mission Control. References: Attach a Cluster - VMware Docs, What Happens When You Attach a Cluster

The command that can be used to upgrade a VMware Tanzu Kubernetes Cluster that is managed by VMware Tanzu Mission Control is tmc cluster upgrade [version] . This command allows you to upgrade a managed cluster to a newer version of Kubernetes that is supported by Tanzu Mission Control5. The version flag is optional and specifies the target version of Kubernetes. If not specified, the command upgrades the cluster to the latest available version5. The clustername argument is required and specifies the name of the cluster to upgrade5. References: Upgrade Kubernetes on Your Cluster - VMware Docs

Kubernetes services and Contour HTTP Proxy are two resources that External DNS can create records for. External DNS is a Kubernetes controller that synchronizes exposed Kubernetes resources with DNS providers. It supports creating DNS records for Kubernetes services of type LoadBalancer or NodePort, as well as Ingress resources. Contour HTTP Proxy is a custom resource definition (CRD) that provides an alternative way to configure HTTP routes on Kubernetes clusters. External DNS can also create DNS records for Contour HTTP Proxy resources, as long as they have an associated service of type LoadBalancer or NodePort. References: kubernetes-sigs/external-dns - GitHub, Contour HTTPProxy User Guide

Velero is an open source tool that can safely backup and restore, perform disaster recovery, and migrate Kubernetes cluster resources and persistent volumes. Velero can capture both the Kubernetes objects and the persistent volumes associated with an application, and restore them in a different cluster or namespace. Velero also supports different storage providers to store its backups, such as AWS S3, Azure Blob Storage, Google Cloud Storage, and more.

References:

• 1: https://middleware.io/blog/kubernetes-observability/
• 2: https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-Tanzu-Mission-Control/services/tanzumc-using/GUID-0A1AEC6A-3E5C-424F-8EBC-1DDFC14D2688.html
• 3: https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-Tanzu-Mission-Control/services/tanzumc-using/GUID-EB507AAF-5F4F-400F-9623-BA611233E0BD.html

A Deployment is a Kubernetes object that allows you to perform a rolling update without disrupting services. A Deployment manages a ReplicaSet or a Pod and provides declarative updates for them. You can describe the desired state of your application using a Deployment, and it will change the actual state to the desired state at acontrolled rate. A Deployment also allows you to roll back to a previous version if something goes wrong during the update14.

The other options are incorrect because:

• A ReplicaSet is a Kubernetes object that ensures that a specified number of pod replicas are running at any given time. It does not provide any mechanism for updating or rolling back pods15.
• A Service is a Kubernetes object that defines a logical set of pods and a policy to access them. It does not provide any mechanism for updating or rolling back pods16.
• A Container is not a Kubernetes object, but rather a component of a Pod. A Pod is the smallest deployable unit of computing in Kubernetes. A Pod can contain one or more containers that share storage and network resources. A Pod does not provide any mechanism for updating or rolling back itself or its containers17.

References: Deployments, ReplicaSets, Services, Pods

The Scheduler is the Kubernetes component that is responsible for workload creation. The Scheduler is responsible for assigning pods to nodes based on various factors, such as resource availability, node affinity, taints and tolerations, and pod priority. The Scheduler watches for newly created pods that have no node assigned, and selects a suitable node for them to run on. The Scheduler then informs the API server of its decision, and the API server binds the pod to the node. References: Scheduling | Kubernetes, Kubernetes Components | Kubernetes

Two statements about the NSX Advanced Load Balancer are correct:

• It can be configured as the VIP endpoint for the management cluster on vSphere. The VIP endpoint is the IP address that clients use to access the Kubernetes API server on the management cluster. By default, this IP address is assigned by DHCP, but it can also be configured manually or by using a load balancer. Using a load balancer provides high availability and scalability for the VIP endpoint. NSX Advanced Load Balancer can be used as the load balancer provider for the VIP endpoint by creating a virtual service that points to the control plane nodes of the management cluster5.
• It can be configured as a load balancer for workloads in the clusters that are deployed on vSphere. Workload clusters are Kubernetes clusters that run user workloads on vSphere with Tanzu. Workload clusters require a load balancer to expose services of type LoadBalancer to external clients. NSX Advanced Load Balancer can be used as the load balancer provider for workload clusters by deploying an Avi Kubernetes Service (AKS) pod on each cluster node. The AKS pod acts as an ingress controller that communicates with the NSX Advanced Load Balancer Controller and creates virtual services for each service of type LoadBalancer6.

The other options are incorrect because:

• It can only be used if Antrea CNI is installed on the workload cluster is false. Antrea is one of the supported Container Network Interface (CNI) plugins for workload clusters on vSphere with Tanzu, but it is not mandatory to use it with NSX Advanced Load Balancer. Other CNI plugins, such as Calico or Flannel, can also work with NSX Advanced Load Balancer7.
• It only supports the service type LoadBalancer is false. NSX Advanced Load Balancer supports other service types as well, such as ClusterIP and NodePort. These service types can be used to expose services within or across clusters without requiring an external load balancer8.
• It is natively integrated with Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Amazon Web Services EC2 deployments is false. NSX Advanced Load Balancer is not natively integrated with Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Amazon Web Services EC2 deployments. Tanzu Kubernetes Grid on AWS uses the AWS Elastic Load Balancing service as the default load balancer provider for both management and workload clusters9.

References: Configure the VIP Endpoint for the Management Cluster, Deploy and Configure NSX Advanced Load Balancer as a Load Balancer for Workload Clusters, Supported CNI Plugins, Service Types, Load Balancing on AWS

The statement that correctly describes the Cluster API is that it is a specialized toolset to bring declarative, Kubernetes-style APIs to cluster creation, configuration, and management in theKubernetes ecosystem. Cluster API is a Kubernetes sub-project that provides declarative APIs and tooling to simplify provisioning, upgrading, and operating multiple Kubernetes clusters5. Cluster API uses a set of custom resource definitions (CRDs) to represent clusters, machines, and other objects. Cluster API also relies on providers to implement the logic for interacting with different infrastructure platforms5. References: Introduction - The Cluster API Book

ClusterIP and NodePort are two Kubernetes Service types that are fulfilled natively by Kubernetes without requiring external integrations. ClusterIP exposes a service on a cluster-internal IP address that can only be accessed from within the cluster. NodePort exposes a service on a static port on each node’s IP address, and forwards the traffic to the corresponding ClusterIP service. Both ClusterIP and NodePort services are created by Kubernetes using iptables rules on the nodes, and do not depend on any external load balancers or DNS providers. References: Kubernetes Service Types Overview, Service | Kubernetes

The tanzu mc upgrade command is used to upgrade a management cluster to a newer version of Tanzu Kubernetes Grid. The command requires the name of the management cluster as an argument, and optionally the version to upgrade to. For example, toupgrade the management cluster named tanzu-mc01 to version v1.4.0, the command would be:

tanzu mc upgrade tanzu-mc01 --version v1.4.0

The other options are incorrect because:

• kubectl management-cluster upgrade is not a valid command. The kubectl command is used to interact with Kubernetes clusters, not to upgrade them.
• tanzu config use-context tanzu-mc01-admin@tanzu-mc01 is a command to switch the current context to the admin context of the management cluster named tanzu-mc01. It does not upgrade the cluster.
• kubectl tanzu-mc01 upgrade is not a valid command. The kubectl command does not accept a cluster name as an argument, and there is no upgrade subcommand.

References: VMware Tanzu for Kubernetes Operations Getting Started, Upgrading Management Clusters